Southern School

Examples of Southern School in the following topics:

• Chinese Literati Expressionism under the Ming Dynasty

  • Literati Expressionism in Chinese painting was produced by scholar-bureaucrats of the Southern School, rather than by professional painters.
  • The Southern School of Chinese painting, often known as "literati painting," is a term used to denote art and artists that stand in opposition to the formal Northern School of painting.
  • Where formal and professional painters were classified as Northern School, scholar-bureaucrats, who had either retired from the professional world or who had never been a part of it, constituted the Southern School.
  • However, the coining of the term "Southern School" is said to have been made by the scholar-artist Dong Qichang (1555–1636), who borrowed the concept from Ch'an (Zen) Buddhism, which also has Northern and Southern Schools.
  • Differentiate the literati Southern School of Chinese painting from its professional counterpart in the North

• Japanese Literati Painting in the Edo Period

  • An important art trend during the Edo period was the bunjinga or Nanga School, a kind of literati painting highly influenced by China literati.
  • An important trend in the Edo period was the rise of the bunjinga genre, a kind of literati painting, also known as the Nanga School or Southern Painting school.
  • As part of the Nanga School, the bunjinga style of Japanese painting flourished in the late Edo period among artists who considered themselves literati, or intellectuals.
  • The form was, to a great extent, defined by its rejection of other major schools of art like the Kano and Tosa Schools.
  • Unlike other schools of art that pass on their specific style to their students, every bunjinga artist displayed unique elements in their creations, and many diverged greatly from the stylistic elements employed by their forebears.

• Painting under the Ming Dynasty

  • In particular, the Zhe School and the Yuanti School were the dominant schools during the early Ming period.
  • The painters of the Zhe School did not formulate a new distinctive style, preferring instead to further the style of the Southern Song and specializing in large and decorative paintings, most often of landscapes.
  • Both of these new schools were heavily influenced by the traditions of both the Southern Song painting academy and the Yuan scholar-artists.
  • The classical Zhe School and Yuanti School began to decline during the mid-Ming period.
  • The Songjiang School and Huating School were born and developed toward the end of the Ming Dynasty.

• German Painting in the Northern Renaissance

  • The Danube School is the name of a circle of artists from the southern German-speaking states active during the first third of the 16th century in Bavaria and Austria, including Albrecht Altdorfer, Wolf Huber, and Augustin Hirschvogel.
  • With Altdorfer in the lead, the school produced the first examples of independent landscape art in the West (nearly 1,000 years after China), in both paintings and prints.
  • One of the earliest Western pure landscapes, from the Danube School in southern Germany.
  • Discuss the work of Dürer, Grünewald, Holbein, Altdorfer, and other artists of the Danube school during the Holy Roman Empire in Germany

• Romanesque Illustrated Books

  • A number of regional schools of art converged during the early Romanesque period and influenced the production of illuminated manuscripts and illustrated books.
  • The "Channel school" of England and Northern France was heavily influenced by late Anglo-Saxon art, whereas the style in southern France depended more on Iberian influence.
  • In Germany and the Low Countries, Ottonian styles continued to develop; these styles, along with Byzantine schools, in turn influenced Italy.
  • By the 12th century there had been reciprocal influences between all of these schools, although a degree of regional distinctiveness remained.

• Painting in the Vijayanagar Empire

  • The Vijayanagar school of painting was renowned for its frescoes of Hindu mythological themes on temple walls and ceilings.
  • Absorbing the local artistic traditions and customs, the Vijayanagar school of painting gradually evolved into many styles of painting in South India, including the Mysore and Tanjore schools of painting.
  • Mysore painting, an important form of South Indian classical painting, developed out of Vijayanagar painting and originated in the southern town of Mysore, in Karnataka, during the reign of the Vijayanagar emperors.
  • The most famous of the manuscripts detailing the various nuances of the Mysore school is the Sritattvanidhi, a voluminous work of 1500 pages prepared under the patronage of Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar.

• Painting under the Song Dynasty

  • There was a significant difference in painting trends between the Northern Song period (960–1127) and Southern Song period (1127–1279).
  • Ma Yuan was a Southern Song painter of the Song Dynasty.
  • His works, together with that of Xia Gui, formed the basis of the so-called Ma-Xia school of painting and are considered among the finest from the period.
  • Southern Song officials were interested in reforming society from the bottom up and on a small scale.
  • Compare and contrast the Northern and Southern Song styles of painting.

• Effects of Colonialism on Nigerian Art

  • The modern state of Nigeria originated from British colonial rule, beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914.
  • Aina Onabolu (1882–1963) was a pioneering Nigerian modern arts teacher and painter who was an important figure in the introduction of arts into the curriculum of secondary schools in the country.
  • Little was thought of arts education in secondary schools until a report recommended the teaching of native indigenous hand craft.
  • Onabolu began teaching in a few top schools in Lagos such as King's College and CMS Grammar School.
  • The new approach of promoting indigenous African arts and staying within the native repository of knowledge was introduced into the curriculum of various secondary schools in the country.

• Kanō School Painting in the Edo Period

  • The Kanō School, which had a naturalistic style, was the dominant style of the Edo period (1603 - 1868).
  • The Kanō School (狩) was the dominant style of painting during the Edo period.
  • Kanō Motonobu, a Japanese painter and member of the Kano School, is particularly known for expanding the school's repertoire through his bold artistic techniques and patronage.
  • Although the Kanō School was the most successful in Japan, the distinctions between its work and the work of other schools tended to diminish over time, as all schools worked in a range of styles and formats, making the attribution of unsigned works often unclear.
  • Tan'yū headed the Kajibashi branch of the Kanō School in Edo and painted in many castles, including the Imperial palace.

• The Role of Flanders

  • After the Siege of Antwerp (1584-1585), which ended the Eighty Years War, the Southern Provinces of the Netherlands (known as Flanders), remained under Spanish rule and were separated from the independent Northern Netherlands (known as the Dutch Republic).
  • However, Flemish painting still flourished, especially in the Antwerp school, during the 17th century when the artists who remained influenced the direction of Flemish art.