rammed earth

Examples of rammed earth in the following topics:

• Architecture of the Han Dynasty

  • Remains of Han Dynasty architecture include ruins of brick and rammed earth walls, rammed earth platforms, and funerary stone pillar-gates.
  • Architecture from the Han Dynasty that has survived until today include ruins of brick and rammed earth walls (including above-ground city walls and underground tomb walls), rammed earth platforms for terraced altars and halls, funerary stone or brick pillar-gates, and scattered ceramic roof tiles that once adorned timber halls.
  • Sections of the Han-era rammed earth Great Wall still exist in Gansu province, along with the Han frontier ruins of thirty beacon towers and two fortified castles with crenellations.
  • Han walls of frontier towns and forts in Inner Mongolia were typically constructed with stamped clay bricks instead of rammed earth.
  • Thatched or tiled roofs were supported by wooden pillars, since the addition of brick, rammed earth, or mud walls of these halls did not actually support the roof.

• Domestic Architecture in Modern Africa

  • Vernacular architecture uses a wide range of materials, such as thatch, stick/wood, mud, mudbrick, rammed earth, and stone, with a preference for materials varying by region.
  • North Africa primarily used stone and rammed earth; West Africa tends toward mud and adobe; central Africa uses thatch, wood, and more perishable materials; southern Africa uses stone, thatch, and wood; and in East Africa the materials have varied.

• Architecture during the Six Dynasties Period

  • Although mostly only ruins of brick and rammed earth walls and towers from the Six Dynasties have survived, information on ancient Chinese architecture (especially wooden architecture) can be discerned from more or less realistic clay models of buildings created by the ancient Chinese as funerary items.

• Sculpture of the Igbo-Ukwu

  • These painted figures--sculpted in the form of deities, animals, legendary creatures, ancestors, officials, craftsmen, and foreigners--are made to appease the earth goddess.
  • Everyday houses were made of mud and thatched roofs with bare earth floors with carved design doors.

• Norse Timber Architecture in the Early European Middle Ages

  • Archaeological excavations have shown that stave churches descend from palisade constructions and later churches with earth-bound posts.
  • Logs were split in two halves, rammed into the ground, and given a roof.

• Paleolithic Artifacts

  • The Venus of Berekhat Ram is a contemporary of the Venus of Tan-Tan, found at Berekhat Ram on the Golan Heights in 1981.

• Art of the Persian Empire

  • The gold rhyton below, which bears a stylized ram's head in relief, dates to the Achaemenid period.

• Colonial Australian Art

  • Shearing the Rams, 1888-1890, oil on canvas, Tom Roberts (1856 - 1931)

• Contemporary Indian Art

  • Gaitonde, Ram Kumar, Tyeb Mehta, and Akbar Padamsee.

• Site-Specific Art

  • Land art, earthworks (coined by Robert Smithson), or Earth art is an art movement in which landscape and the work of art are inextricably linked, so in this way it is site specific.
  • Often earth moving equipment is involved.
  • His most famous work is Spiral Jetty (1970), a 1,500-foot long spiral-shaped jetty extending into the Great Salt Lake in Utah constructed from rocks, earth, and salt.
  • Spiral Jetty is a site specific piece of Land Art or Earth Art created by Robert Smithson in the Great Salt Lake, Utah.
  • Using rocks and earth, Smithson built up a spiral shaped relief in the lake bed.