Perspective

Examples of Perspective in the following topics:

• Atmospheric Perspective

• Linear Perspective

  • Perspective drawings always have a horizon line, which can or can not be implied.
  • Brunelleschi is widely considered the forefather of linear perspective.
  • Any perspective representation of a scene that includes parallel lines has one or more vanishing points in a perspective drawing.
  • Four-point perspective, also called infinite-point perspective, is the curvilinear variant of two-point perspective.
  • Images of railroad tracks are a common example of one-point perspective.

• Atmospheric Perspective

  • Atmospheric perspective refers to the effect the atmosphere has on the appearance of an object as it is viewed from a distance.
  • Atmospheric perspective, also known as aerial perspective, refers to the effect the atmosphere has on the appearance of an object as it is viewed from a distance.
  • Atmospheric perspective was used in Pompeian Second Style paintings, dating as early as 30 BCE.
  • Da Vinci used aerial perspective in many of his paintings such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper .
  • One of the earliest usages of atmospheric perspective is evident in this mural from Pompeii.

• Linear Perspective and Three-Dimensional Space

  • For a while, perspective remained the domain of Florence.
  • Three-point perspective is used for buildings depicted from above or below.
  • Four-point perspective is the curvilinear variant of two-point perspective.
  • Like all other foreshortened variants of perspective, four-point perspective starts off with a horizon line, followed by four equally spaced vanishing points to delineate four vertical lines.
  • A perspective without vanishing points can still create a sense of depth.

• Renaissance Painting After Masaccio

  • After Masaccio's death Florentine artists built on his contributions to the use of perspective and light and shadow.
  • These painters dedicated themselves to the study of light and shadow and perspective as their paramount concern.
  • Piero della Francesca studied light and linear perspective from a scientific point of view and wrote treatises about his findings.
  • The artist also includes a checkerboard floor in this work to show off his perfect use of perspective.
  • The Flagellation of Christ demonstrates Piero della Francesca's control over both perspective and light.

• Foreshortening

  • Perspective (from Latin "perspicere", to see through) in the graphic arts is an approximate representation on a flat surface of an image as it is seen by the eye.
  • Along with linear perspective, foreshortening is one of the two most characteristic features of perspective in two-dimensional media.
  • Although foreshortening is an important element in art where visual perspective is being depicted, it also occurs in other types of two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional scenes.
  • This painting is one of many examples of the artist's mastery of perspective.
  • At first glance, the painting seems to display an exact perspective.

• Distortions of Space and Foreshortening

  • Perspective projection distortion is the inevitable misrepresentation of three-dimensional space when drawn or "projected" onto a two-dimensional surface.
  • The most common of these is perspective projection.
  • Perspective projection can be used to mirror how the eye sees by making use of one or more vanishing points.
  • In many of Giotto's paintings, perspective is employed to achieve various distortion effects.
  • To execute a drawing using perspective projection, projectors emanate from all points of an object and intersect at a station point.

• Renaissance Painting: Masaccio

  • However, Florentine painting was revitalized the early 15th century, when the use of perspective was formalized by the architect Filippo Brunelleschi and adopted by painters as an artistic technique.
  • The development of perspective was part of a wider trend towards realism in the arts.
  • Masaccio was deeply influenced by both Giotto's earlier innovations in solidity of form and naturalism and Brunelleschi's formalized use of perspective in architecture and sculpture.
  • Masaccio is best known for his frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel, in which he employed techniques of linear perspective such as the vanishing point for the first time, and had a profound influence on other artists despite the brevity of his career.
  • Unlike Giotto, Masaccio utilized linear and atmospheric perspective, and made even greater use of directional light and the chiaroscuro technique, enabling him to create even more convincingly lifelike paintings than his predecessor.

• Italian Painting: Giotto

  • While Medieval and Byzantine styles favored flat, elongated figures and a lack of natural perspective Giotto returned painting to a style that aimed to capture the naturalism of the human form.
  • This focus on relationships between figures, as well as a renewed interest in perspective and life drawing, are some of the aspects that would become prominent in Renaissance painting.  
  • Describe Giotto's use of naturalism, storytelling, and perspective in his work

• Space

  • Artists have devoted a great deal of time to experimenting with perspectives and degrees of flatness of the pictorial plane.
  • The perspective system has been a highly employed convention in Western art.
  • After spending hundreds of years developing linear perspective, Western artistic conventions about the accurate depiction of space went through a radical shift at the beginning of the 20th century.