indigenous peoples

Examples of indigenous peoples in the following topics:

• The New World

  • There are almost as many terms for indigenous people in the Americas as there are geographic regions.
  • Indigenous peoples are commonly known in Canada as Aboriginal peoples, which include First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples.
  • Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western society, and a few are still considered "uncontacted peoples."
  • Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas comprise a major category in world art history.
  • To gain an appreciation for the breadth and diversity of indigenous peoples and cultures of the Americas.

• South America

  • South American art has a long and rich history, from indigenous roots and European colonization to the arrival of new immigrants from Asia.
  • Tensions between indigenous peoples and European colonizers shaped South America from the 16th through the 19th centuries.
  • During the Late Intermediate period (1000 - 1476 CE), the regions were populated by a number of indigenous nations.
  • During this period, most art focused on religious subjects, as the Spanish sought to convert the indigenous people to Christianity.
  • Through the trans-Atlantic slave trade, South America (especially Brazil) became the home of millions of people in the African diaspora, and the mixing of races led to new social structures and artistic creations.

• Spanish Art in the Americas

  • Art in the Americas during the 18th century is characterized by a synthesis of European and Indigenous styles.
  • Indigenous artists were taught European techniques but retained styles that were representative of their local sensibilities.
  • Cuzco is considered to be the first location where the Spanish systematically taught European artistic techniques such as oil painting and perspective to Indigenous people in the Americas.
  • The work of this period represents a long process of mixed-heritage blending of indigenous people and Europeans, culturally and genetically.
  • Examples of this again include the combination of European, Latin American, and Indigenous features, local flora and fauna and landscape.

• Postcolonial Discourse

  • As anthropology, post-colonialism records human relations among the colonial nations and the subaltern peoples exploited by colonial rule.
  • It was believed among white colonists that imperial stewardship of "less civilized" areas of the world would help lead to intellectual and moral reform of the peoples within these areas (largely people of color), and contribute to natural harmony among the human races of the world.
  • Especially in the colonization of the Far East and in the "Scramble for Africa" (1870–1914), the idea of a European identity justified the subjugation of indigenous peoples, the exploitation of their labor, and the despoliation of the natural resources of their countries.
  • Many Western countries proffered theories of national superiority that justified colonialism as delivering the light of civilization to benighted peoples.
  • Using the native varieties of the colonial languages, the Anti-conquest narrative addresses the Mother Country's cultural hegemony; by "writing back to the center" of the empire, the indigenous people create their own national histories in service to forming and establishing a national identity after decolonisation.

• The Spanish Conquest and Its Effects on Incan Art

  • The Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire was catastrophic to the Inca people and culture.
  • The spread of Christianity had a great influence on both the Inca people and their artwork as well.
  • Cusco is considered to be the first location where the Spanish systematically taught European artistic techniques such as oil painting and perspective to Indigenous people in the Americas.
  • The work of this period represents a long process of mixed-heritage blending of indigenous people and Europeans, both culturally and genetically.
  • Spaniards burning the Inca leader Atahualpa at the stake, following their conquest of the Inca people.

• Political Art: Race and Ethnicity in the 1990s

  • Street art is a controversial issue: some people consider it a crime, others consider it a form of art.
  • Contemporary Indigenous Australian art (also known as Contemporary Aboriginal Australian art) is the modern art work produced by Indigenous Australians.
  • It is generally regarded as beginning with a painting movement in 1971 that spawned widespread interest across rural and remote Aboriginal Australia in creating art, while contemporary Indigenous art of a different nature also emerged in urban centres; together they have become central to Australian art.
  • Indigenous art centres have fostered the emergence of the contemporary art movement, and as of 2010 were estimated to represent over 5000 artists, mostly in Australia's north and west.
  • Indigenous art frequently reflects the spiritual traditions, cultural practices and socio-political circumstances of Indigenous people, and these have varied across the country.

• The Mixteca-Puebla Tradition

  • The Mixteca-Puelba tradition of artistry originates from the pre-Columbian Mixtec peoples from the region of Puebla, Mesoamerica.
  • In pre-Columbian times, the region was inhabited by people of many ethnicities, including the Mixteca.
  • The term Mixteca (or Mixtecs) comes from the Nahuatl word mixtecah, meaning "cloud people."
  • One of the major indigenous civilizations of Mesoamerica, today they inhabit the Mexican states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla in the La Mixteca region.
  • They are the fourth largest indigenous group in Mexico, although many have emigrated out of traditional Mixteca areas into other parts of the state, Mexico City, and even the United States.

• Aboriginal Australian Art

  • The influence of Aboriginal artwork in Australia carries over to the 19th and 20th centuries in the works of William Barak, who recorded traditional aboriginal ways for the education of Westerners; Margaret Preston, a non-indigenous painter incorporating Aboriginal influences in her works; Albert Namatjira, an Arrernte artists whose landscapes inspired the Hermannsburg School of art; and Elizabeth Durack, notable for her fusion of Western and indigenous influences.
  • In 1971, Geoffrey Bardon encouraged the Aboriginal people of Papunya to paint their Dreamtime stories about creation, people, animals, and customs on canvas.

• Indonesian Painting

  • The art and culture of Indonesia have been shaped by long interactions between original indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences.
  • Notable artwork includes the mural paintings on the long houses of the Kenyah people of Borneo, which are based on endemic natural motifs such as ferns and hornbills.
  • Other traditional art includes the geometric wood carvings of the Toraja people of South Sulawesi.
  • The most famous indigenous 19th century Indonesian painter is Raden Saleh (1807–1877), who was also the first indigenous artist to study in Europe.
  • Raden Saleh was perhaps the most famous indigenous 19th century Indonesian painter, and his work is heavily influenced by Romanticism and his training in Europe.

• Pacific Arts Festival

  • The Pacific Arts Festival celebrates the arts of indigenous cultures in the Oceanic region.
  • The festival is not a competition but a cultural exchange, and it serves to both reunite people and reinforce regional identity and mutual appreciation of Pacific-wide culture.
  • The Pacific Cultural Council selects the host country, recognizing that each participating country desires the opportunity to showcase its unique indigenous culture by hosting the festival.