ground

Examples of ground in the following topics:

• Etching

  • There are two types of ground: hard ground and soft ground.
  • When the plate cools, the ground hardens.
  • The second way to apply hard ground is to apply a liquid hard ground, which comes in a can and is applied with a brush.
  • Once the liquid hard ground is exposed to air, it hardens.
  • Soft ground also comes in liquid form and is allowed to dry.

• Ceramics in the Greek Early Classical Period

  • All the figures stand and sit on various ground lines.
  • The Achilles Painter, a pupil of the Berlin Painter and creator of both red-figure and white-ground vessels, is one of the most well-known white ground painters.
  • Attic white ground lekythos. c. 440-430 BCE.
  • Attic white-ground black-figure lekythos.
  • Attic white ground lekythos. c. 440-430 BCE.

• Aquatint

  • The aquatint technique requires a metal plate, usually made of copper or zinc; an acid; and something to resist the acid, called the 'ground'.
  • First, the artist applies the ground.
  • Some contemporary artists use a liquid acrylic, like spraypaint, as the ground.
  • Once the desired tonality is achieved, the artist applies a hard ground to stop out further exposure to the acid.

• Arches, Vaults, and Domes

  • As the forces in the arch are carried to the ground, the arch will push outward at the base; this is called thrust.
  • The ancient Romans learned the arch from the Etruscans; upon refining it, they were the first builders to tap its full potential for above-ground buildings.
  • When vaults are built underground, the ground gives all the resistance required.
  • However, when the vault is built above ground, various replacements are employed to supply the needed resistance.

• The Antonines

  • It depicts each figure from a ground-level perspective while showing the circular parade from a bird's eye view.
  • Two figures look on from the ground.
  • One is a personification of the Campus Martius, lounging on the ground with an arm around Augustus' sun-dial obelisk, the location where the ritual of deification occurred.
  • The extra-large heads and deep relief carving were utilized so that the figures were easier to see from the ground than those on Trajan's column.

• The Chora Church in Constantinople

  • Metochites's additions and reconstruction in the fourteenth century enlarged the ground plan from the original small, symmetrical church into a large, asymmetrical square that consists of three main areas: an inner and outer narthex or entrance hall, the naos or main chapel, and the side chapel, known as the parecclesion.
  • The figures in the scene all have a certain weightiness that helps to ground them, adding an element of naturalism.
  • His arms reach out to Adam and Eve and his feet are positioned on uneven ground, providing the sensation of imbalance as he retrieves righteous souls.

• Victory Columns under the Nervan-Antonines

  • The visual narration is depicted in low relief (bas relief) and relies little on naturalistic detail, preferring to show some scenes in multiple perspectives and with figures on different ground lines.
  • It depicts each figure from a ground-level perspective while showing the circular parade from a bird's eye view.
  • Two figures look on from the ground.
  • One is a personification of the Campus Martius, lounging on the ground with an arm around Augustus's sundial obelisk, the location where the ritual of deification occurred.
  • The extra-large heads and deep relief carving were utilized so that the figures were easier to see from the ground than those on Trajan's column.

• Roman Architecture under the Republic

  • Arches can bear immense weight, as they are designed to redistribute weight from the top, to its sides, and down into the ground.
  • As the forces in the arch are carried to the ground, the arch will push outward at the base, called thrust.
  • Furthermore, because of the direction, the thrust is concentrated along this x-shape, so only the corners of a groin vault need to be grounded.
  • The dotted line extending downward from the keystone (1) shows the strength of the arch directing compressive stresses (represented by the downward-pointing arrows outside the arch) safely to the ground.

• Tombs

  • The above ground structure of the mastaba had a small offering chapel equipped with a false door to which priests and family members brought food and other offerings for the soul of the deceased.
  • Inside the mastaba, a deep chamber was dug into the ground and lined with stone or bricks.
  • The above ground structure had space for a small chapel to which priests and family members could bring offerings for the soul of the deceased.

• Architecture in the Hellenistic Period

  • It was two stories tall, and had a row of rooms on the ground floor.
  • The exterior colonnade on the ground level was built in the Doric order, and the interior was Ionic.