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1809

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries: 18th century19th century20th century
Decades: 1770s  1780s  1790s  – 1800s –   1810s   1820s   1830s
Years: 1806 1807 180818091810 1811 1812

Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1809

January - March

Jan. 16: Battle of Corunna.
February 11: Fulton patents steamboat.
  • January 5 - Treaty of the Dardanelles between Britain and the Ottoman Empire concluded.
  • January 10 - French Marshal Jean Lannes begins the Siege of Zaragoza.
  • January 16 - Peninsular War: The French defeat the British at the Battle of Corunna.
  • February 3 - Illinois Territory was created.
  • February 8 - Franz I of Austria declares war on France,
  • February 11 - Robert Fulton patents the steamboat.
  • February 12 - Charles Darwin and Abraham Lincoln were born.
  • February 20 - A decision by the Supreme Court of the United States states that the power of the federal government is greater than any individual state.
  • February 20 - Siege of Zaragoza grinds to a halt as Jose Palafox surrenders. Over 60,000 had been killed on both sides in 41 days of street fighting.
  • February 25 - Spanish forces are defeated at the Battle of Valls in Catalonia by Marshal Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr.
  • March 1 - Embargo Act repealed, Non-Intercourse Act replaces it.
  • March 4 - James Madison succeeds Thomas Jefferson as the President of the United States.
  • March 13 - Military coup ousts Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden - he is confined in the Gripsholm Castle.
  • March 29 - At the Diet of Porvoo, Finland's four Estates pledge allegiance to Alexander I of Russia, commencing the secession of the Grand Duchy of Finland from Sweden. King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden abdicates after a coup d'état and is later exiled.
  • March 29 - The First Battle of Porto ends in disaster as 18,000 Portuguese soldiers are drowned in a rout after defeat by the French under Marshal Soult and the Battle of Medellín results in massive Spanish casualties in Extremadura, when Marshal Victor's cavalry routs their army.

April - June

  • April 9 - Tyroleans rise against French and Bavarian occupation, most notable militia lead by Andreas Hofer.
  • April 14 - Napoleon I defeats Austrians in the Battle of Abensberg, Bavaria
  • April 19 - Battle of Raszyn between armies of Austria (attackers) and Duchy of Warsaw (defenders) as a part of struggles of the Fifth Coalition (1809). The Austrian army was defeated.
  • April 22 - Battle of Eckmühl - French troops under Napoleon I and Marshal Davout defeat the Austrians under Archduke Charles.
  • May - Napoleon captures Vienna, is excommunicated, imprisons pope Pius VII.
  • May 5 - Mary Kies is the first American woman to be awarded a patent.
  • May 5 - The Swiss canton of Aargau denies Jews citizenship.
  • May 17 - Napoleon I of France orders the annexation of the Papal States to the French empire. When he announces Pope's secular power has ended, pope excommunicates him.
  • May 21 - Battle of Aspern-Essling: Austrian troops under Archduke Karl beat French under Napoleon in a hard fought battle.
  • May 24 - Dartmoor Prison opens, first to house French prisoners of war.
  • June 6 - Sweden promulgates a new Instrument of Government, which restores political power to the Riksdag of the Estates after authoritarian rule since 1772.
  • June 7 - Shoja Shah of Afghanistan signs a treaty with the British. Only weeks later, he is succeeded by Mahmud Shah.
  • June 10- Thomas Paine died

July - September

  • July 5- 6 - The massive Battle of Wagram in which Napoleon defeats the Austrians.
  • July 6 - French troops arrest Pope Pius VII and take him to Liguria
  • July 10 - French Marshal Marmont engages in the inconclusive Battle of Znaim against the Austrians.
  • July 28 - Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force at the Battle of Talavera.
  • July 30 - British invasion army lands in Walcheren.
  • August 8 - 70 disciples of Gaon of Vilnius arrive in Palestine.
  • August 10 - Ecuador declares independence from Spain.
  • August 11 - Severe earthquakes strike the Azores and sinks the village of São Miguel.
  • August 11 - A poorly-led Spanish army was defeated by King Joseph Bonaparte's French army at the Battle of Almonacid de Toledo.
  • September 17 - Peace of Hamina - Peace between Russia and Sweden in the Finnish War. The territory to become the Grand Duchy of Finland is ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Fredrikshamn.
  • September 18 - A new theatre to hold the Royal Opera House opens in London to replace the first burnt down. in a fire in 1808. The price increases led to the Old Price Riots which lasted for 64 days.

October - December

  • October 11 - Along the Natchez Trace in Tennessee, explorer Meriwether Lewis dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand.
  • October 14 - Treaty of Schoenbrunn cedes Illyrian provinces to France.
  • November 19 - A Spanish army is ridden down and 20,000 are killed by French forces at the Battle of Ocana.
  • November 25 - Benjamin Bathurst, a British diplomat, mysteriously disappeared (possibly murdered) in Perleberg.
  • December 26 - British invasion force leaves Vlissingen
  • December 30 - Wearing masks at balls is forbidden in Boston, Massachusetts.

Undated

  • USS Constitution (Old Ironsides) is recommissioned as flagship of the North Atlantic Squadron.
  • Louis Poinsot describes the two remaining Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra.
  • Jean-Baptiste Lamarck publishes Philosophie Zoologique, outlining the concept of evolution.
  • First running of the Two Thousand Guineas Stakes horse race in England.
  • Miami University (Ohio) established by congressional order by George Washington.
  • Nicolas François Appert (1750- 1841) develops a method to preserve food by means of canning.

Ongoing events

Births

1809 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1809
MDCCCIX
Ab urbe condita 2562
Armenian calendar 1258
ԹՎ ՌՄԾԸ
Assyrian calendar 6559
Bahá'í calendar -35–-34
Bengali calendar 1216
Berber calendar 2759
British Regnal year 49 Geo. 3 – 50 Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar 2353
Burmese calendar 1171
Byzantine calendar 7317–7318
Chinese calendar 戊辰年十一月十六日
(4445/4505-11-16)
— to —
己巳年十一月廿五日
(4446/4506-11-25)
Coptic calendar 1525–1526
Ethiopian calendar 1801–1802
Hebrew calendar 5569–5570
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 1865–1866
 - Shaka Samvat 1731–1732
 - Kali Yuga 4910–4911
Holocene calendar 11809
Igbo calendar
 - Ǹrí Ìgbò 809–810
Iranian calendar 1187–1188
Islamic calendar 1223–1224
Japanese calendar Bunka 6
(文化6年)
Juche calendar N/A (before 1912)
Julian calendar Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar 4142
Minguo calendar 103 before ROC
民前103年
Thai solar calendar 2352

January - June

  • January 1 - Cao Bá Quát, Shi (d. 1855)
  • January 4 - Louis Braille, French teacher, inventor of braille (d. 1852)
  • January 15 - Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, French anarchist (d. 1864)
  • January 19 - Edgar Allan Poe, American writer and poet (d. 1849)
  • February 3 - Felix Mendelssohn, German composer (d. 1847)
  • February 12
  • February 15 - Cyrus McCormick, American inventor (d. 1884)
  • February 23 - William Sprague, American minister and politician from Michigan (d. 1868)
  • March 24 - Joseph Liouville, French mathematician (d. 1882)
  • March 31 - Nikolai Gogol, Russian writer (d. 1852)
  • April 15 - Hermann Gunter Grassmann, Prussian mathematician (d. 1877)
  • June 4
    • Columbus Delano, American statesman (d. 1896)
    • John Henry Pratt, English clergyman and mathematician (d. 1871)
  • June 8 - Richard Wigginton Thompson, American politician (d. 1900)
  • June 20 - Isaak August Dorner, German theologian (d. 1884)

July - December

  • August 6 - Alfred Lord Tennyson, British poet (d. 1892)
  • August 8 - Heinrich Abeken, German theologian (d. 1872)
  • August 27 - Hannibal Hamlin, American politician (d. 1891)
  • August 29 - Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., American physician and writer (d. 1894)
  • October 22 - Volney E. Howard, American politician (d. 1889)
  • September 27 - Raphael Semmes, Officer in the USN and the CSN (d.1877)
  • November 27 - Fanny Kemble, British-born American actress and writer (d. 1893)
  • December 24 - Kit Carson, American frontiersman (d. 1868)
  • December 29 - William Ewart Gladstone, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1898)

Deaths

January - June

  • January 16 - John Moore, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1761)
  • February 25 - John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore ( Lord Dunmore)
  • March 7 - Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Austrian composer (b. 1736)
  • March 11 - Hannah Cowley, English dramatist and poet (b. 1743)
  • March 25 - Anna Seward, English writer (b. 1747)
  • March 27 - Joseph-Marie Vien, French painter (b. 1716)
  • May 13 - Beilby Porteus, English bishop and abolitionist (b. 1731)
  • May 17 - Leopold Auenbrugger, Austrian physician (b. 1722)
  • May 31
    • Joseph Haydn, Austrian composer (b. 1732)
    • Jean Lannes, French marshal (mortally wounded in battle (b. 1769)

July - September

  • July 6 - Antoine Charles Louis Lasalle, French cavalry general (killed in battle) (b. 1775)
  • June 4 - Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard, Danish painter (b. 1743)
  • June 8 - Thomas Paine, American revolutionary writer (b. 1737)
  • August 8 - Ueda Akinari, Japanese author and scholar (b. 1734)
  • August 18 - Matthew Boulton, English manufacturer and engineer (b. 1728)
  • October 8 - James Elphinston, Scottish philologist (b. 1721)
  • October 11 - Meriwether Lewis, American explorer (suicide) (b. 1774)
  • October 30 - William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1738)
  • November 9 - Paul Sandby, English cartographer and painter (b. 1725)
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