welfare state

Examples of welfare state in the following topics:

• Toward a Welfare State

  • Maternalist reforms were those that provided assistance for mothers and children, expanding the American welfare state.
  • Colonial legislatures and later State governments adopted legislation patterned after the English "poor" laws.
  • By 1929, workers' compensation laws were in effect in all but four States.
  • All these social programs were far from universal and varied considerably from one state to another.
  • One unique trend in the history of welfare in the U.S. were Maternalist Reforms.

• A Halfway Revolution

  • As mentioned, while it is often criticized that the New Deal did not go far enough as far as social reform, the United States has a number of social welfare programs that trace their legacy to the New Deal era.
  • This compared to France and Sweden with welfare spending ranges from 30% to 35% of GDP.
  • The American welfare state was designed to address market shortcomings and do what private enterprises cannot or will not do themselves.
  • Unlike welfare states built on social democracy foundations, the United State's welfare state was not designed to promote a redistribution of political power from capital to labor; nor was it designed to mediate class struggle.
  • The welfare state, whether through charitable redistribution or regulation that favors smaller players, is motivated by reciprocal altruism.

• Assessing the Great Society

  • While poverty rates declined during the Great Society initiative, critics argue the program turned the U.S. into a welfare state.
  • The United States government began keeping comprehensive records of the poverty rate in 1958, and the poverty rate had been declining when the War on Poverty was launched in 1964 – it fell from 22.4% in 1959 to 19% in 1964.
  • This led to diminished support for welfare programs, especially those targeted to specific groups and neighborhoods.
  • Sowell argues that the Great Society programs only contributed to the destruction of African-American families, saying "the black family, which had survived centuries of slavery and discrimination, began rapidly disintegrating in the liberal welfare state that subsidized unwed pregnancy and changed welfare from an emergency rescue to a way of life. " Others disagree with this theory, arguing that Sowell discounts the long-term, cumulative damge of generations of slavery, discrimination and poverty on black culture.
  • Number of People in Poverty and Poverty Rate in the United States, 1959-2009

• Toward a Welfare State

  • FDR's New Deal established a number of influential welfare programs, the first of their kind in the United States.
  • Before 1935, old age insurance laws existed on the books in only several states.
  • In the 1930s, the idea of state support for those in need was by no means revolutionary.
  • In terms of what would fall under the umbrella of welfare state (in the 1930s, a more popular way to describe the phenomenon was simply "social security"), Roosevelt proposed two major ideas.
  • Its original version (amended later) also endorsed and deepened racial and gender inequalities in the United States.

• Maternalist Reform

  • The idea of a maternal public policy emerged in the United States following the landmark decision made by the Supreme Court of the United States in Muller v.
  • The Children's Bureau under Lathrop (1912-21) and her successors became an administrative unit that not only created child welfare policy but also led its implementation.
  • In 1921 the Sheppard-Towner Maternity and Infancy Act became the first federally funded social welfare measure in the United States.
  • The United States Children's Bureau worked extensively with state-level departments of health to advise them on how to use Sheppard-Towner funding.
  • Jane Addams would begin the maternalism movement in order to improve the health, education, and welfare of American children.

• Relief and Conservation Programs

  • At that time, the federal government provided no safety net: there was no unemployment insurance, no Social Security, and no welfare.
  • Any relief for the poor was the responsibility of state and local governments and private charities.
  • As conditions worsened in the Great Depression, state and local governments' combined resources fell far short of demand for relief.
  • The New Deal included some of the first national welfare programs, including Social Security, passed in August of 1935 and still in operation today.
  • It also established welfare provision for families with dependent children.

• Clintonomics

  • Clintonomics refers to the economic policies of United States President Bill Clinton during the 1990s.
  • "Clintonomics" refers to the economic policies of United States President Bill Clinton during the 1990s, as well as the economic policies supported by his staff.
  • During the 1992 presidential campaign, the United States had undergone 12 years of conservative policies implemented by Ronald Reagan and George H.
  • In 1992, Bill Clinton was elected President of the United States, and during his presidency (1993 to 2001), he implemented several economic reforms.
  • A central pledge of Clinton's campaign was to reform the welfare system, adding changes such as work requirements for recipients.

• Social Justice

  • Progressive reformers, concerned with the exploitation of society's most vulnerable individuals, called for social welfare legislation.
  • Progressives set up training programs to ensure that welfare and charity work would be undertaken by trained professionals rather than only by warm-hearted amateurs.
  • The United States Employees' Compensation Act is a federal law enacted on September 7, 1916.
  • It was ratified by sufficient states in 1920, officially becoming the Nineteenth Amendment, which prohibited state or federal sex-based restrictions on voting.
  • Describe how Progressives attempted to achieve social justice with welfare policies

• Compassionate Conservatism

  • Bush, conservative techniques are thought to improve the welfare of society.
  • "Compassionate conservatism" is a political philosophy that stresses using traditionally conservative techniques and concepts in order to improve the general welfare of society.
  • All students in the state must take the same test under the same conditions.
  • Each state sets its own standards for what counts as "highly qualified."
  • Each state decides for itself what counts as "one high, challenging standard," but the curriculum standards must apply to all students in the state.

• The Clinton Administration

  • Democratic President Bill Clinton served two terms from 1993 to 2001, during a period of great economic growth in the United States.
  • William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton served as President of the United States from January 20, 1993 to January 20, 2001.
  • His presidency saw the passage of welfare reform in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, which ended Aid to Families with Dependent Children and reduced the number of welfare programs.
  • While many welfare programs were reduced, various measures were also introduced to improve the effectiveness of the social safety net, including an increase in the number of child care places, a significant expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) program, the introduction of new programs such as the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), and a child tax credit.