satellite states

Examples of satellite states in the following topics:

• The Cold War Begins

  • The United States and Soviet Union eventually emerged as the two major superpowers after World War II.
  • Most of Europe became aligned with either the United States or the Soviet Union.
  • The Eastern European territories liberated from the Nazis and occupied by the Soviet armed forces were added to the Eastern Bloc by converting them into satellite states.
  • The Soviet-style regimes that arose in the satellite states not only reproduced Soviet command economies, but also adopted the brutal methods employed by Joseph Stalin and Soviet secret police to suppress real and potential opposition.
  • The plan also stated that European prosperity was contingent upon German economic recovery.

• Reactions to Sputnik

  • The United States had held itself to be the world leader in space technology and missile development.
  • During the Cold War, America was in a state of fear from the Soviet Union.
  • Sputnik I exhibit in the Missile & Space Gallery at the National Museum of the United States Air Force.
  • Sputnik, which means "satellite" in Russian, was the Soviet entry in a scientific race to launch the first satellite ever.
  • Explain why the Soviet launch of the Sputnik satellite created such fear in the United States, and led to the Space Race.

• Origins of the Cold War

  • A series of events during and after World War II exacerbated tensions, including the Soviet-German pact during the first two years of the war leading to subsequent invasions, the perceived delay of an amphibious invasion of German-occupied Europe, the western allies' support of the Atlantic Charter, disagreement in wartime conferences over the fate of Eastern Europe, the Soviets' creation of an Eastern Bloc of Soviet satellite states, western allies scrapping the Morgenthau Plan to support the rebuilding of German industry, and the Marshall Plan.
  • During and immediately after the war, the Soviet Union annexed several Eastern European countries as satellite states, a move viewed as expansionist and aggressive by Western powers.
  • In Kennan's view, Soviet behavior was inherently expansionist and paranoid, posing a threat to the United States and its allies.
  • In response to perceived western aggression, in September 1947, the Soviets created Cominform to enforce orthodoxy within the international communist movement and tighten political control over Soviet satellites through coordination of communist parties in the Eastern Bloc.
  • Summarize the conflicts that lead to the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union

• Conclusion: Truman and the Beginning of the Cold War

  • The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states).
  • A series of events during and after World War II exacerbated tensions, including the Soviet-German pact during the first two years of the war leading to subsequent invasions, the perceived delay of an amphibious invasion of German-occupied Europe, the western allies' support of the Atlantic Charter, disagreement in wartime conferences over the fate of Eastern Europe, the Soviets' creation of an Eastern Bloc of Soviet satellite states, western allies scrapping the Morgenthau Plan to support the rebuilding of German industry, and the Marshall Plan.
  • The USSR consolidated its control over the states of the Eastern Bloc, while the United States began a strategy of global containment to challenge Soviet power, extending military and financial aid to the countries of Western Europe (for example, supporting the anti-communist side in the Greek Civil War) and creating the NATO alliance.
  • The USSR and USA competed for influence in Latin America, and the decolonizing states of Africa and Asia.
  • In 1952, Truman secretly consolidated and empowered the cryptologic elements of the United States by creating the National Security Agency (NSA).

• Yalta's Legacy

  • Churchill thereafter argued to Roosevelt that it was "as plain as a pike staff" that Moscow's tactics were to drag out the period for holding free elections "while the Lublin Committee consolidate their power. " The fraudulent Polish elections, held on January 16, 1947, resulted in Poland's official transformation to communist state by 1949.
  • We'll do it our own way later. " While the Soviet Union had already annexed several occupied countries as (or into) Soviet Socialist Republics, other countries in eastern Europe that it occupied were converted into Soviet-controlled satellite states, such as the People's Republic of Poland, the People's Republic of Hungary, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the People's Republic of Romania, the People's Republic of Albania, and later East Germany from the Soviet zone of German occupation.
  • Eventually, the United States and the United Kingdom made concessions in recognizing the then-Communist-dominated regions, sacrificing the substance of the Yalta Declaration, while it remained in form.

• The Nuclear Arms Race

  • General Assembly, the United States conducted its first post-war nuclear tests.
  • On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union showed the world that they had missiles able to reach any part of the world when they launched the Sputnik satellite into Earth's orbit.
  • In response, the United States launched its own satellite on the October 31, 1959.
  • On December 8, 1991, the Soviet Union dissolved and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was established.
  • With the end of the Cold War the United States and Russia both cut down on spending for nuclear weapons.

• Technological Advancement

  • Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945.
  • From here, von Braun and his team developed the Army's first operational medium-range ballistic missile, the Redstone rocket, that in slightly modified versions, launched both America's first satellite, and the first piloted Mercury space missions.
  • The competition began on August 2, 1955, when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites for the International Geophysical Year, by declaring they would also launch a satellite "in the near future."

• The Internationalization of the United States

  • In the United States, this has had a range of both positive and negative effects.
  • However, many in the United States oppose free trade for a variety of reasons.
  • Through the process of globalization, American culture has expanded around the globe by spreading pop culture, particularly via the Internet and satellite television.
  • While scholarly opinion typically states that globalization and Americanization are different phenomena, they are inherently linked.
  • By the 1970s, European investment in the United States increased even more rapidly than vice-versa.

• The Beats

  • The publishers won, and publishing in the United States was liberalized.
  • The term Beatnik was coined to represent the Beat Generation, and referred to the name of the recent Russian satellite, Sputnik, and the Beat Generation.

• The Eisenhower Administration

  • Designed by Secretary of State Dulles, it held the U.S. would be "prepared to use armed force ...
  • Americans were astonished when Soviets were the first to launch a satellite (Sputnik) into space on October 4, 1957.
  • On June 17, 1954, Eisenhower launched Operation Wetback in response to increasing illegal immigration to the United States.
  • Mexican border to work in California, Arizona, Texas, and other states.
  • Eisenhower, in his 1954 State of the Union address, became the first president to publicly state his support for prohibiting age-based denials of suffrage for those 18 and older.