New France

Examples of New France in the following topics:

• New France and Louisiana

  • New France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period from 1534 until the cession of New France to Spain and Great Britain in 1763.
  • In 1534, Jacques Cartier claimed the first province of New France.
  • In 1627, France invested in New France, promising land parcels to hundreds of new settlers with the hope of turning the area into an important mercantile and farming colony.
  • Samuel Champlain was named governor of New France.
  • France ceded the rest of New France, except the islands of St.

• French Colonialization

  • Several years later, in 1608, Samuel De Champlain founded Quebec, which was to become the capital of the enormous, but sparsely settled, fur-trading colony of New France.
  • New France had a rather small population, and relied heavily on friendly contacts with local Native American communities.
  • Because of this, for most of its history, New France lagged far behind the British North American colonies in both population and economic development.
  • Acadia, a colony of New France that included parts of eastern Quebec, the Maritime provinces, and modern-day Maine to the Kennebec River, was lost to the British in the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713.
  • Champlain founded New France and Quebec City on July 3, 1608.

• New France and the Native Americans

  • The Sovereign Council of New France was a political body appointed by the King of France in the 1675 reorganization of the colony of New France.
  • The major officers of the Sovereign Council were the Governor-General, who was responsible for military affairs and diplomatic relations, the Intendant of New France, who was responsible for finance, economic development, and the administration of justice (law and order), and the Bishop of New France, who was responsible for all spiritual matters in the colony.
  • The career and policies of Frontenac, Governor of New France from 1672 to 1682 and from 1689 to 1698, illustrates New France's conflicted policies toward Native Americans.
  • As Governor-General of New France, he established a number of forts on the Great Lakes and engaged in a series of battles against both the English and the Iroquois.
  • He died before his second recall to France.

• France and Spain in the Revolutionary War

  • In 1777, news of the Patriot victory at the Battle of Saratoga was received with great enthusiasm in France.
  • As a result, Britain declared war on France on March 17, 1778.
  • France was also instrumental in securing Spain’s involvement in the Revolutionary War.
  • On April 12, 1779, France and Spain signed the Treaty of Aranjuez.
  • In July 1781, Rochambeau's force left Rhode Island, marching across Connecticut to join Washington on the Hudson River at Dobbs Ferry, New York.

• The Quasi-War

  • The Quasi-War was an undeclared naval war fought between France and the United States in the Caribbean Sea.
  • The French seized 316 American merchant ships by June of 1797, and the French Republic refused to receive the new U.S. minister Charles Pinckney when he arrived in Paris in December of 1796.
  • The success of these U.S. naval endeavors was due to the fact that Congress authorized President Adams to acquire, develop, and arm numerous new warships and train naval sailors.
  • Hostilities continued until France experienced another regime change in 1799.
  • The USS Constellation and L'Insurgente battle during the Quasi-War between the United States and France.

• Treaty of Paris

  • The Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War following British victory over France and Spain.
  • The Treaty was made possible by the British victory over France and Spain, and marked the beginning of an era of British dominance outside Europe.
  • The Treaty of Paris is frequently noted as the point at which France gave Louisiana to Spain.
  • New Orleans, on the east side, remained temporarily in French control.
  • Green represents France, Spain, Russia, Austria, Sweden, and their allies.

• The Peace of Paris

  • France and Spain restored all their conquests to Britain and Portugal.
  • The Treaty of Paris is frequently noted as the point at which France gave Louisiana to Spain.
  • New Orleans, on the east side, remained temporarily in French hands.
  • Green: France, Spain with more.
  • Summarize the land swaps in the New World that marked the conclusion of the Seven Years' War

• Across the Atlantic: France and Britain

  • The Treaty of Alliance with France was a defensive agreement between France and the United States, as shown in .
  • On September 25th, the Continental congress ordered commissioners, led by Benjamin Franklin, to seek a treaty with France based upon Adams' drafts establishment of reciprocal trade relations with France but declined to mention any possible military assistance from the French government.
  • Despite orders to seek no direct military assistance from France, the American commissioners were instructed to acquire most favored nation trading relations with France.
  • Despite an original openness to the alliance, after word of the Declaration of Independence, the French Foreign Minister, Comte de Vergennes, put off signing a formal alliance with the United States after receiving news of British victories over General George Washington in New York.
  • Summarize the circumstances surrounding the signing of the treaty of alliance between France and the United States

• The XYZ Affair

  • In the wake of the French Revolution relations between the new French Republic and the United States became ever more strained.
  • The United States had offered France many of the same provisions found in the Jay Treaty with Britain, but France reacted by deporting Marshall and Pinckney back to the United States and refusing any proposal that would involve these two delegates, both key Federalists.
  • "X" was Baron Jean-Conrad Hottinguer, "Y" was Pierre Bellamy, and "Z" was Lucien Hauteval, and the demand came during a meeting in Paris, France.
  • However, Adams continued to hope for a peaceful settlement with France and avoided pushing Congress towards a formal declaration of war.
  • These hostilities continued until France experienced another regime change in 1799.

• Territory and Reparations

  • In 1919, both regions were returned to France.
  • German colonies were divided between Belgium, Great Britain and certain British Dominions, France, and Japan.
  • In Africa, Britain and France divided German Kamerun (Cameroons) and Togoland.
  • German Samoa was assigned to New Zealand; German New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and Nauru were assigned to Australia.
  • Also, Germany was forced to provide France, Belgium, and Italy with millions of tons of coal for 10 years.