Examples of New Federalism in the following topics:
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- Nixon's domestic policies were shaped by the ideas of New Federalism, which proposes the decentralization of political power.
- Nixon's broader philosophy on domestic policy was informed by the ideas of New Federalism, which proposed the decentralization of political power and the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states.
- The primary objective of New Federalism, as opposed to the 18th-century political philosophy of Federalism, is the restoration to the states some of the autonomy and power which they lost to the federal government during the New Deal, including the power to administer social programs.
- Pursuing New Federalist policies, Nixon's budget included grants to the states and the sharing of federal revenue with states.
- Because Nixon made the decision without consulting any interested foreign parties, the international community deemed the new American policies the "Nixon Shock."
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- President Wilson secured passage of the Federal Reserve Act in late 1913.
- The decision to create twelve regional banks was meant to weaken the influence of the powerful New York banks, a key demand of Bryan's allies in the South and West.
- Wilson named Paul Warburg and other prominent bankers to direct the Federal Reserve.
- The new system began operations in 1915, playing a significant role in financing the Allied and American war effort.
- Despite the fact that the Act intended to diminish the influence of the New York banks, the New York branch continued to dominate the Federal Reserve until the New Deal reorganized and strengthened the Federal Reserve in the 1930s.
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- The New Jersey Plan was a counter-proposal for the structure of the federal government presented by William Paterson.
- The resolutions proposed, for example, three new federal branches (legislative, executive and judicial).
- The federal judiciary is represented by a Supreme Tribunal, appointed by the federal executive, which has authority in federal impeachment cases and as the appeal of last resort in cases dealing with national matters (such as treaties).
- The federal executive is authorized to use force to compel non-compliant states to observe the law.
- Ultimately, the Virginia Plan was used, but some ideas from the New Jersey Plan were added.
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- Included among these were the Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act, and the Federal Farm Loan Act.
- Despite the fact that the Act intended to diminish the influence of the New York banks, the New York branch continued to dominate the Federal Reserve until the New Deal reorganized and strengthened the Federal Reserve in the 1930s.
- Wilson deviated from his presidential predecessors, who relied on lawsuits to break trusts and monopolies, by founding a new trustbusting approach through encouraging competition through the Federal Trade Commission.
- The reform agenda of Wilson's "New Freedom," however, did not extend as far as Theodore Roosevelt's proposed New Nationalism in relation to the latter's calls for a standard 40-hour work week, minimum wage laws, and a federal system of social insurance.
- Despite this, Wilson did much to extend the power of the federal government in social and economic affairs, and paved the way for future federal reform programs such as the New Deal.
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- In 1870, Congress enacted the first four federal holidays: New Year's Day, Independence Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
- Federal holidays are only established for certain federally chartered and regulated businesses (such as federal banks) and for Washington, D.C.
- As a result, holidays have not historically been governed at the federal level, and federal law does not govern business activities.
- Although federal holidays were at first applicable only to federal employees in the District of Columbia, Congress extended coverage in 1885 to all federal employees.
- George Washington's birthday became a federal holiday in 1880.
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- Wilson sought to encourage competition and curb trusts by using the Federal Trade Commission to enforce the Clayton Antitrust Act.
- During his first term, Wilson oversaw many pieces of financial reform designed to appeal to new constituencies.
- In addition to the Underwood tariff, which seemed to finally resolve the political debate over tariff rates, and the creation of the Federal Reserve, Wilson also supported anti-trust legislation.
- Wilson deviated from his presidential predecessors, who relied on lawsuits to break trusts and monopolies, by founding a new trustbusting approach through encouraging competition through the Federal Trade Commission.
- The Federal Trade Commission effectively restricted unfair trade practices and enforced the 1914 Clayton Antitrust Act.
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- Alexander Hamilton was President Washington’s Secretary of the Treasury and was an ardent nationalist who believed a strong federal government could solve many of the new country’s financial ills.
- A leader of the Federalist Party, he believed that a robust federal government would provide a solid financial foundation for the country.
- By 1787, Alexander Hamilton had served as assemblyman from New York County in the New York State Legislature and was the first delegate chosen for the Constitutional Convention.
- Hamilton's essays and arguments were influential in New York state and elsewhere during the debates over ratification.
- In the Federalist Papers, Hamilton argued that the separation of powers in the new republican system would prevent any one political faction from dominating another (at the state and federal level) and, therefore, preclude the possibility of tyranny.
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- Federal involvement in the territories was considerable.
- Territorial citizens came to both decry federal power and local corruption, and at the same time, lament that more federal dollars were not sent their way.
- Corrupt associations, or "Territorial rings," of local politicians and business owners buttressed with federal patronage, embezzled from Indian tribes and local citizens, especially in the Dakota and New Mexico territories.
- Land policy became politicized by competing factions and interests, and the question of slavery on new lands was contentious.
- Summarize the level of federal involvement in the governance of the West
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- Federalism in the 1780s was an influential political movement that supported ratification of the Constitution.
- Federalism in the 1780s was the most influential political movement arising out of discontent with the Articles of Confederation, which limited the authority of the federal government.
- The most forceful defense of the new Constitution was The Federalist Papers, a compilation of 85 anonymous essays published in New York City to convince the people of the state to vote for ratification.
- The outgoing Congress under the Articles of Confederation scheduled elections for the new government and set March 4, 1789, as the date that the new government would take power.
- They stressed that the national debt created by the new government would bankrupt the country and that federal bondholders were paid from taxes paid by honest farmers and workingmen.
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- Marshall's Court shaped the new nation with its interpretation of the Constitution and the establishing of a number of early legal precedents that helped to better define the role and function of the federal government.
- Maryland (1819) was one of several decisions involving the balance of power between the federal government and individual states in which the Marshall Court affirmed federal supremacy.
- State action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government.
- The decision overturned the New York state legislature's monopoly over certain steamships operating between New York and New Jersey.
- Instead, Marshall relied on an existing federal statute for licensing ships in reaching his decision.