James II

(noun)

James II & VII (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

Related Terms

Examples of James II in the following topics:

  • The Conquest of New York

    • The Dutch colony of New Netherland was captured by the British and chartered by the Duke of York, who later became James II of England.
    • New York became a royal province in February of 1685 when its proprietor, the Duke of York, was crowned King James II of England.

  • The Glorious Revolution

    • The Glorious Revolution was the peaceful overthrow and replacement of King James II with William III and Mary II of England.
    • The religious tolerance policies of the Catholic King James II of England met with increasing opposition by members of leading political circles, who were troubled by the king's religious convictions and his close ties with France.
    • In February 1689, William and his wife became joint monarchs as William III and Mary II of England .
    • Portrait of King James II & VII, by Sir Godfrey Kneller,
    • King James was deposed in the Revolution of 1688 by William III.

  • Colonies in Crisis

    • Following similar frustrations against the rule and policies of James II as the Bostonians, German American merchant and militia captain Jacob Leisler seized control of the southern part of the colony of New York and ruled it from 1689 to 1691.
    • Analyze colonial tensions that emerged as a result of James II's policies

  • The Glorious Revolution in America

    • King Charles II of England began taking steps in the early 1680s to reorganize the New England colonies.
    • When Charles II died in 1685, his successor, the Roman Catholic James II, continued the unification process, which culminated in the creation of the Dominion of New England.
    • After King James II published the Declaration of Indulgence in 1687, establishing some freedom of religion, Increase Mather sent a letter of appreciation to the king and suggested to other Massachusetts pastors that they also do so as a means to gain favor and influence.
    • However, James became increasingly unpopular in England.
    • With the birth of his son and potential successor James III in June 1688, some Whigs and Tories set aside their political differences and conspired to replace James with his Protestant son-in-law, William of Orange.

  • New Jersey

    • King James II granted the land between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers to two friends and named it New Jersey after the island of Jersey.
    • King Charles II gave the region between New England and Maryland to his brother, the Duke of York (later King James II), which was renamed New York.
    • Soon thereafter, James granted the land between the Hudson and Delaware rivers to two friends who had been loyal to him through the English Civil War and named it New Jersey after the English Channel Island of Jersey.
    • In 1738, King George II appointed a separate governor for New Jersey.

  • Settling the Middle Colonies

    • In the 1660s, the English largely conquered this land, renaming the area New York after the Duke of York, James II.
    • James II later granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had been loyal to him through the English Civil War.
    • King Charles II granted the land for the Pennsylvania Colony to William Penn in 1681 as payment for a debt the crown owed his family.

  • The Dominion of New England

    • Following the English Restoration in 1660, King Charles II sought to streamline the administration of the colonial territories and began a process that brought a number of the colonies under direct crown control.
    • Increase Mathers and other Massachusetts agents traveled to England in 1688 and were received by King James II, who promised to address the colony's concerns.
    • However, James II became increasingly unpopular in England and faced opposition from the Anglican church hierarchy when he issued the Declaration of Indulgence, establishing some freedom of religion.
    • With the birth of his son and potential successor James III in June 1688, factions of English conspired with the Dutch prince to replace James with his Protestant son-in-law, William of Orange.
    • The seal of the Dominion of New England was ordered by King James II of England.

  • Georgia

    • George II, for whom the colony was named, granted the colony's corporate charter to General James Oglethorpe in 1732.
    • In 1733, General James Oglethorpe, who was a British Member of Parliament, established the Georgia Colony as a solution for two problems.

  • The Roosevelt Administration

    • He was born in 1882 in Hyde Park, New York, to James Roosevelt, a businessman and land-owner, and Sara Ann Delano.
    • Both James and Sara Ann came from affluent New York families and were able to provide their only child with considerable opportunities.
    • In 1920, when James Cox run as the Democratic presidential candidate, FDR served as a vice-presidential candidate.
    • Second, together with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin, he led the victorious Allied forces during World War II.
    • During World War II, FDR served as one of three leaders representing the Allied nations.

  • The Peace Accords and the Legacy of Defeat

    • During his confirmation hearings in June 1973, Secretary of Defense James R.
    • James E.
    • Westheider wrote, "At the height of American involvement in 1968, for example, there were 543,000 American military personnel in Vietnam, but only 80,000 were considered combat troops. " Conscription in the United States had been controlled by the President since World War II, but ended in 1973.
    • US Air Force B-52 Bombing North Vietnam in Operation Linebacker II
    • Nixon launched Operation Linebacker II, a bombing campaign of Hanoi and Haiphong, in December of 1972 in order to force the North Vietnamese to negotiate a truce.