written language

Examples of written language in the following topics:

• Symbols and Nature

  • Language is a symbolic system of communication based on a complex system of rules relating spoken, signed, or written symbols.
  • Signs can consist of sounds, gestures, letters, or symbols, depending on whether the language is spoken, signed, or written.
  • Language is based on complex rules relating spoken, signed, or written symbols to their meanings.
  • Written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system.
  • Written language exists only as a complement to a specific spoken language.

• The Symbolic Nature of Culture

  • Although language is perhaps the most obvious system of symbols we use to communicate, many things we do carry symbolic meaning.
  • Anthropologists have argued that, through the course of their evolution, human beings evolved a universal human capacity to classify experiences, and encode and communicate them symbolically, such as with written language .
  • According to sociologists, symbols make up one of the five key elements of culture, the others being language, values, beliefs, and norms.

• Language

  • The word language has at least two basic meanings: language as a general concept, and a specific linguistic system (e.g.
  • Ferdinand de Saussure first explicitly formulated the distinction, using the French word langage for language as a concept, and langue as the specific instance of language.
  • One definition sees language primarily as the mental faculty that allows humans to undertake linguistic behaviour--to learn languages and produce and understand utterances.
  • Human languages are usually referred to as natural languages, and the science of studying them falls under the purview of linguistics.
  • Members of a culture usually share a common language.

• The Origins of Language

  • The origin of language is a widely discussed and controversial topic due to very limited empirical evidence.
  • The origin of language in the human species is a widely discussed topic.
  • Theories about the origin of language can be divided according to their basic assumptions.
  • Other continuity-based models see language as having developed from music.
  • The origin of language in the human species is a widely discussed topic.

• Applied Body Language

  • Body language may provide clues as to the attitude or state of mind of a person.
  • Another obvious example of expressive body language used in everyday life is flirting.
  • Note the significant attention paid to body language.
  • Does it have anything to do with her body language?
  • Discuss the importance of body language as a means of social communication and give specific examples of body language

• Norms

  • ., through body language and non-verbal communication cues) .
  • One form of norm adoption is the formal method, where norms are written down and formally adopted (e.g., laws, legislation, club rules).

• Language and Perception

  • Various theories assume that language is not simply a representational tool; rather it fundamentally shapes our perception.
  • Various theories assume that language fundamentally shapes our perception.
  • The strong version states that language determines thought and emotions/feelings, and linguistic categories limit and determine cognitive categories
  • Cognition and Communication Research Centre film describing recent research on the mapping between language and perception, and whether the language one speaks affects how one thinks.
  • The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis suggests that language shapes the way we see the world.

• English as a Second Language

  • English as a second language (ESL) refers to the use or study of English by speakers with different native languages.
  • English as a second language (ESL), English for speakers of other languages (ESOL) and English as a foreign language (EFL) all refer to the use or study of English by speakers with different native languages.
  • Generally, English Language Learners (ELL) are refugees, immigrants, or their children.
  • Those whose native languages are drastically different from English may find it especially difficult to learn the sounds and grammar of English, while others whose native languages are more similar may have less trouble.
  • Children are taught English as their second language in the 3rd grade.

• The Origins of Culture

  • Dunbar has proposed that language evolved as early humans began to live in large communities that required the use of complex communication to maintain social coherence.
  • However, languages, now understood as the particular set of speech norms of a particular community, are also a part of the larger culture of the community that speak them.
  • Humans use language as a way of signalling identity with one cultural group and difference from others.
  • Even among speakers of one language, several different ways of using the language exist, and each is used to signal affiliation with particular subgroups within a larger culture.
  • Paraphrase what is currently thought to be the reason for the development of language and complex culture

• Gestures

  • Gestures allow individuals to communicate a variety of feelings and thoughts, from contempt and hostility to approval and affection, often together with body language in addition to spoken words.
  • Gestural languages such as American Sign Language and its regional siblings operate as complete natural languages that are gestural .
  • American Sign Language, or ASL, is a gestural language.