wage discrimination

Examples of wage discrimination in the following topics:

• Inequalities of Work

  • Women are frequently treated unequally at work, often through sexual harassment and/or wage discrimination.
  • Beyond sexual harassment, the most obvious instance of inequality in the workplace is wage discrimination.
  • However, not even this acknowledgement explains the entirety of the wage gap, for even women working full time in higher-paid industries earn less than their male colleagues.

• Job Discrimination

  • Despite legal protections, job discrimination against women still exists in the workplace.
  • Beyond sexual harassment, the most obvious instance of inequality in the workplace is wage discrimination.
  • However, not even this acknowledgement explains the entirety of the wage gap, for even women working full-time in higher paid industries earn less than their male colleagues.
  • List the forms of discrimination that women may face on the job

• Women as a Minority

  • Underlying this unequal treatment of women is sexism, which is discrimination based on sex -- in the context of a patriarchal society, discrimination against women in particular.
  • It should be noted that gender discrimination also ties in with race and class discrimination -- a concept known as "intersectionality," first named by feminist sociologist Kimberlé Crenshaw.
  • "Sociological research clearly shows that accounting for education, experience, and skill does not fully explain significant differences in labor market outcomes. " The three main domains on which we see the impact of intersectionality are wages, discrimination, and domestic labor.
  • Most studies have shown that people who fall into the bottom of the social hierarchy in terms of race or gender are more likely to receive lower wages, to be subjected to stereotypes and discriminated against, or be hired for exploitive domestic positions.
  • In 1979, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) for legal implementation of the Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.

• Learning the Gender Gap

  • There is a debate as to what extent this is the result of gender differences, implicit discrimination due to lifestyle choices, or because of explicit discrimination.
  • If it is explicit discrimination, then the pay gap is a result of stereotypical beliefs, conscious or unconscious, from those who hire and set salaries.
  • In order to determine whether the gender gap is a result of implicit or explicit discrimination, we can look at the adjusted and unadjusted wage gap.
  • The total wage gap in the United States is 20.4 percent.
  • Statistical analysis that includes those variables has produced results that collectively account for between 65.1 and 76.4 percent of a raw gender wage gap of 20.4 percent, and thereby leave an adjusted gender wage gap that is between 4.8 and 7.1 percent. " Thus, only a relatively small part of the wage gap is due to explicit discrimination .

• Women in the Labor Force

  • The 2008 edition of the Employment Outlook report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) found that, while female employment rates have expanded considerably and the gender employment and wage gaps have narrowed virtually everywhere, women still have 20% less chance to have a job than men, on average, and they are paid 17% less than their male counterparts.
  • Women in the workforce earning wages or a salary are part of a modern phenomenon, one that developed at the same time as the growth of paid employment for men; yet women have been challenged by inequality in the workforce.
  • Some examples of the ways in which gender affects a field include: prohibitions or restrictions on members of a particular gender entering a field or studying a field; discrimination within a field, including wage, management, and prestige hierarchies; expectation that mothers, rather than fathers, should be the primary childcare providers.
  • There is a debate to what extent this is the result of gender differences, implicit discrimination due to lifestyle choices (e.g., number of hours worked, need for maternity leave), or because of explicit discrimination.
  • The 2008 edition of the Employment Outlook report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) found that, while female employment rates have expanded considerably and the gender employment and wage gaps have narrowed virtually everywhere, women still have 20% less chance to have a job than men, on average, and they are paid 17% less than their male counterparts.

• Gender

  • Sociological research shows that women are not paid the same wages as men for similar work.
  • Sexism is discrimination against people based on their sex or gender, and can result in lower social status for women.
  • Sexism has been linked to widespread gender discrimination.
  • Wages based upon gender and education point to a distinctive glass ceiling as it pertains to women in the workplace.
  • Describe the effects of gender discrimination on women's employment and wealth

• Discrimination Against Individuals

  • Controversial attempts have been made to redress negative effects of discrimination.
  • Unfair discrimination usually follows the gender stereotypes held by a society.
  • Reverse discrimination is a term referring to discrimination against members of a dominant or majority group, including the city or state, or in favor of members of a minority or historically disadvantaged group.
  • Reverse discrimination may also be used to highlight the discrimination inherent in affirmative action programs.
  • Give an example of discrimination and reverse discrimination using examples of religious, gender, or racial prejudice

• Capitalism, race and gender inequality

  • The belief, ‘they are taking our jobs' ignores the capitalist system itself, which by its nature increases the wealth of the few owners by controlling workers and keeping wages as low as possible, and it allows a few owners to control the majority of wealth, leaving a tiny share to be distributed among everyone else.
  • Wal-Mart, the nation's largest private employer, in particular has been accused of discrimination against women.

• Institutional Prejudice or Discrimination

  • Institutionalized discrimination refers to discrimination embedded in the procedures, policies or objectives of large organizations.
  • Institutionalized discrimination within the housing market also includes practices like redlining and mortgage discrimination.
  • Institutionalized discrimination within the housing market also includes practices like redlining and mortgage discrimination.
  • The achievement gap in education is another example of institutionalized discrimination.
  • Examine the legal cases that had an impact on institutional discrimination

• Family and Gender Issues

  • The gender pay gap has also been attributed to differences in personal and workplace characteristics between women and men (education, hours worked, occupation etc.) as well as direct and indirect discrimination in the labor market (gender stereotypes, customer and employer bias etc.).
  • Traditionally, women are expected to stay at home and take care of the children, while men earn wages to financially support their families.