Examples of vertical mobility in the following topics:
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- When a person born to poor parents becomes a well-educated, wealthy businessperson, this is an example of upward vertical social mobility.
- Downward vertical social mobility occurs when a person loses status, which may occur through disgrace — Bernie Madoff was a successful, high status Wall Street executive until he was indicted and sentenced to prison time, at which point he fell from his high social position.
- Historical events can thus alter the extent of social mobility seen in countries.
- Social mobility typically refers to vertical mobility—movement of individuals or groups up or down from one socio-economic level to another, often by changing jobs or marriage.
- Recent data shows that of nine developed countries, the United States and United Kingdom have the lowest intergenerational vertical social mobility, with about half of the advantages of having a parent with a high income passed on to the next generation.
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- Social mobility can be vertical and horizontal, absolute and relative, and between generations.
- Vertical social mobility refers to moving up or down the so-called social ladder.
- The British middle class thus experienced absolute upward mobility.
- Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups in social position over time.
- Social mobility typically refers to vertical mobility, which is the movement of individuals or groups up or down from one socioeconomic level to another, often by changing jobs or through marriage.
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- Social mobility is the movement of an individual or group from one social position to another over time.
- Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups in social positions over time.
- Social mobility typically refers to vertical mobility, movement of individuals or groups up or down from one socio-economic level to another, often by changing jobs or marriage.
- Nonetheless, social mobility can also refer to horizontal mobility, movement from one position to another within the same social level, as when someone changes between two equally prestigious occupations.
- Societies present different opportunities for mobility depending on their systems of value.
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- Strong social and economic mobility is considered part of American Dream, though there is relatively low social mobility in the U.S.
- This "vertical" mobility can be the change in socioeconomic status between parents and children ("inter-generational"), or over the course of a lifetime ("intra-generational").
- The limit to women's and minorities' upward mobility is called the glass ceiling.
- In the United States, white males have greater social mobility than women and racial/ethnic minorities, whose mobility is limited by the glass ceiling.
- Explain how the "glass ceiling" and other factors lower social mobility in the United States
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- The resource-mobilization approach is a theory that seeks to explain the emergence of social movements.
- Resource-Mobilization Theory emphasizes the importance of resources in social movement development and success.
- The theory argues that social movements develop when individuals with grievances are able to mobilize sufficient resources to take action.
- Resource mobilization theory also divides social movements according to their position among other social movements.
- Resource-Mobilization Theory emphasizes the importance of resources in social movement development and success.
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- Formally "Two vertices u and v of a labeled graph G are automorphically equivalent if all the vertices can be re-labeled to form an isomorphic graph with the labels of u and v interchanged.
- Two automorphically equivalent vertices share exactly the same label-independent properties." ( Borgatti, Everett, and Freeman, 1996: 119).
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- Though the extent to which individuals have social mobility in the United States is debated, new members of the elite are evidence that there is some mobility between classes.
- The difference between these types of class systems are their structural mobility.
- An open system describes a society with mobility between different social classes.
- Social mobility is much more frequent in countries that use achievement as the basis for status.
- These categories were discrete, and there was little interaction or mobility between them.
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- Deprivation theory and resource-mobilization have been discussed in detail in this chapter's section entitled "Social Movements. "
- Mobilization: this is the actual organizing and active component of the movement; people do what needs to be done in order to further their cause.
- Mobilization occurs when people work together in order to enact social change, such as meeting with government officials in order to change a law or policy.
- Culture theory builds upon both the theories of political process (the existence of political opportunities is crucial for movement development) and resource-mobilization (the mobilization of sufficient resources is central to movement formation and success), but it also extends them in two ways.
- Both resource-mobilization theory and political process theory incorporate the concept of injustice into their approaches.
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- On the other hand, AARP pursues its mission by mobilizing its immense resource base to lobby for policy change.
- Politicians such as Obama focus on issues that are relevant to certain age groups in order to mobilize support.
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- Political Process Theory is similar to resource mobilization theory (which considers the mobilization of resources to be the key ingredient of a successful movement) in many regards, and emphasizes political opportunities as the social structure that is important for social movement development.
- "Organizational strength" falls in line with resource-mobilization theory, arguing that in order for a social movement to organize it must have strong leadership and sufficient resources.
- Some groups may have the insurgent consciousness and resources to mobilize, but because political opportunities are closed, they will not have any success.
- Critics of the political process theory and resource-mobilization theory point out that neither theory discusses the culture of movements to any great degree.