transitional justice

Examples of transitional justice in the following topics:

• The Transfer of Authority

  • A presidential transition refers to the period of time between the end of a presidential election and the inauguration of a new president.
  • During a presidential transition, the outgoing president, also known as the "lame duck," has lost many of the intangible benefits of a presidency.
  • In other nations, many of which have experienced undemocratic governments and dictators, transitional justice refers to a state's efforts to address past human rights violations.
  • As a project, transitional justice has a number of goals, including rebuilding social trust, repairing a fractured judicial system, and building a democratic system of governance.
  • In the context of transitional justice, memorialization is used to honor the victims of human rights abuses.

• Crime and Criminal Justice

  • Criminal justice is the system of practices and institutions of governments directed at deterring and mitigating crime.
  • Police department reforms are an example of legislative attempts to regulate or improve criminal justice.
  • Police department reforms are an example of legislative attempts to regulate or improve criminal justice.
  • The American criminal justice system consists of three main parts: (1) enforcement; (2) adjudication; and (3) corrections.
  • The courts serve as the venue where disputes are settled and justice is administered.

• Transitivity

  • The remaining types of triads display varying degrees of transitivity.
  • For data of this type, the default definition of transitivity (i.e.
  • Network>Cohesion>Transitivity also provides some alternative definitions of what it means for a triad to be transitive which are useful for valued data.
  • After performing a census of all possible triads, Network>Cohesion>Transitivity reports that it finds 146 transitive (directed) triples.
  • This shows that 20.28% of all triads are transitive.

• The Demographic Transition

  • The demographic transition is a model and theory describing the transition from high birth rates and death rates to low birth and death rates that occurs as part of the economic development of a country.
  • The transition from high rates to low rates is referred to as the demographic transition.
  • The beginning of the demographic transition in a society is indicated when death rates drop without a corresponding fall in birth rates (usually the result of improved sanitation and advances in healthcare).
  • Countries in the second stage of the demographic transition (see diagram) experience a large increase in population.

• F-groups

  • F-groups identifies maximal groups made up of "strongly transitive" and "weakly transitive" triads.
  • A weakly transitive triad is formed if the ties XY and YZ are both stronger than the tie XZ, but the tie XZ is greater than some cut-off value.
  • One is composed of strongly transitive ties, and is moderately large (seven members).
  • Our second component is a weakly transitive one, composed of the Building Industry Association and two large corporations (Chevron Oil and Hewlett-Packard).
  • This is a grouping in which all the ties satisfy the criteria of weak transitivity.

• Evaluating Global Theories of Inequality

  • Occupy Wall Street protesters approach inequality from a social justice perspective that holds that all Americans deserve equal life chances and have been denied them by market-oriented approaches to economic regulation (or lack thereof).
  • Occupy Wall Street protesters approach inequality from a social justice perspective that holds that all Americans deserve equal life chances and have been denied them by market-oriented approaches to economic regulation (or lack thereof).
  • Those who evaluate global inequality and consider it to violate human rights may advocate for solutions to inequality using the language of social justice.
  • Social justice advocates generally argue that inequality is unfair, as it leaves some individuals with greater life chances and higher standards of living than others, regardless of individual worth or merit.
  • Differentiate between the positions on social inequality taken by functionalists, Marxists, modern liberalism, and social justice advocates

• Class, Crime, and the Criminal Justice System

  • Class structure within the criminal justice system helps determine the types of crimes individuals will commit.
  • Criminal justice is the system of practices and institutions of governments directed at upholding social control, deterring and mitigating crime, or sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts.
  • Within the criminal justice system, there are three basic elements that constitute it: the police, the courts, and punishment.

• Social class in America

  • The origins of inequality can be found in the transition from hunter/gatherer societies to horticultural/pastoralist societies.
  • For instance, in modern societies, the transition of wealth is basically as simple as changing the names on the bank accounts or transferring stock from parents to children, which can be done at the push of a button.
  • Research has shown that the criminal justice system in the U.S. is biased against the poor from start to finish, from the definition of what constitutes a crime through the process of arrest, trial, and sentencing.

• Prejudice

  • Justices at the Supreme Court are given lifetime appointments, meaning that they do not have to retire or step down from the bench until they choose to or until their deaths.
  • However, as in any other workplace, the potential senility of aging Supreme Court justices has been hotly debated.
  • Former Chief Justice William Rehnquist, for example, was appointed to the Supreme Court in 1986 and served until his death in 2005.
  • Rehnquist's death reignited a political debate about instating term limits for Supreme Court justices in place of lifetime appointments, such that a justice would be forced to retire after a certain number of years.
  • There are many political and legal reasons supporting both sides of the debate, but assumptions about the declining health of older justices, many of whom serve on the court into their seventies, play a prominent role in the discussion.

• Population Trends

  • Most European nations are examples of countries at the end of the demographic transition: both birth and death rates are low, so populations are static or shrinking.
  • The demographic transition helps explain the differences between countries.
  • The demographic transition refers to the shift from high birth rates and death rates to low birth and death rates; this occurs as part of the economic development of a country.
  • Others argue that economic development is the best way to reduce population growth because economic development can spur demographic transitions that lead to reduced fertility rates.
  • This model illustrates the demographic transition, as birth and death rates rise and fall but eventually reach equilibrium.