The self

Examples of The self in the following topics:

• Psychological Approaches to the Self

  • In modern psychology, the earliest formulation of the self derived from the distinction between the self as "I," the subjective knower, and the self as "me," the object that is known.
  • Kohut called the pole of ambitions the narcissistic self (later called the grandiose self).
  • Jung , the Self is one of several archetypes.
  • To Jung, the Self is both the whole and the center.
  • While Jung perceived the ego to be a self-contained, off-centered, smaller circle contained within the whole, he believed that the Self was the greater circle.

• Sociological Theories of the Self

  • Sociological theories of the self attempt to explain how social processes such as socialization influence the development of the self.
  • Sociological theories of the self attempt to explain how social processes such as socialization influence the development of the self.
  • Mead presented the self and the mind in terms of a social process.
  • The "I" is self as subject; the "me" is self as object.
  • Interpret Mead's theory of self in term of the differences between "I" and "me"

• Cooley

  • In 1902, Charles Horton Cooley created the concept of the looking-glass self, which explored how identity is formed.
  • An example of the looking-self concept is computer technology.
  • The looking-glass self is a social psychological concept created by Charles Horton Cooley in 1902.
  • George Herbert Mead described the self as "taking the role of the other," the premise for which the self is actualized.
  • An example of the looking-self concept is computer technology.

• The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

  • Such an individual has incorporated the "social" into the "self. "
  • In 1902, Charles Horton Cooley developed the social psychological concept of the looking glass self.
  • There are three main components of the looking glass self:
  • George Herbert Mead described self as "taking the role of the other," the premise for which the self is actualized.
  • This drawing depicts the looking-glass self.

• Mead

  • For Mead, the self arises out of the social act of communication, which is the basis for socialization.
  • He is regarded as one of the founders of social psychology and the American sociological tradition in general.
  • One of his most influential ideas was the emergence of mind and self from the communication process between organisms, discussed in the book, Mind, Self and Society, also known as social behaviorism.
  • His theory of "mind, self, and society" is, in effect, a philosophy of the act from the standpoint of a social process involving the interaction of many individuals, just as his theory of knowledge and value is a philosophy of the act from the standpoint of the experiencing individual in interaction with an environment.
  • He is regarded as one of the founders of social psychology and the American sociological tradition in general.

• Socialization Throughout the Life Span

  • George Herbert Mead (1902–1994) developed the concept of self as developed with social experience.
  • Charles Horton Cooley (1902-1983) coined the term "looking glass self;" the self-image based on how we think others see us.
  • According to Mead, the key to developing the self is learning to take the role of the other.
  • The final stage is the generalized other; the widespread cultural norms and values we use as a reference for evaluating others.
  • Secondary socialization is the process of learning what is the appropriate behavior as a member of a smaller group within the larger society.

• Adolescent Socialization

  • Empirical studies confirm a normative process of change in both the content and structure of one's thoughts about the self.
  • Exploring these possibilities may result in abrupt changes in self-presentation as the adolescent chooses or rejects qualities and behaviors, trying to guide the actual self toward the ideal self (who the adolescent wishes to be) and away from the feared self (who the adolescent does not want to be).
  • Unlike the conflicting aspects of self-concept, identity represents a coherent sense of self stable across circumstances and including past experiences and future goals.
  • The final major aspect of identity formation is self-esteem, which is one's thoughts and feelings about one's self-concept and identity.
  • Contrary to popular belief, there is no empirical evidence for a significant drop in self-esteem over the course of adolescence.

• Reference Groups

  • Social comparison theory is centered on the belief that there is a drive within individuals to gain accurate self-evaluations.
  • Individuals evaluate their own opinions and define the self by comparing themselves to others.
  • Reference groups become the individual's frame of reference and source for ordering his or her experiences, perceptions, cognition, and ideas of self.
  • It is important for determining a person's self-identity, attitudes, and social ties.
  • Reference groups become the individual's frame of reference and source for ordering his or her experiences, perceptions, cognition, and ideas of self.

• Identity Formation

  • An example of national identity is the way in which Americans are united on the Fourth of July.
  • Self-concept is the sum of a being's knowledge and understanding of himself.
  • Self-concept is different from self-consciousness, which is an awareness of one's self.
  • Components of self-concept include physical, psychological, and social attributes, which can be influenced by the individual's attitudes, habits, beliefs, and ideas.
  • Discuss the formation of a person's identity, as well as the ideas of self-concept and self-consciousness

• Value Clusters

  • After the 1970s, more people worked in the service sector, and the knowledge economy took off.
  • They began to make consumption decisions based on self-expression; they bought organic produce or free range beef to express their belief that sustainability and environmental protection mattered.
  • In general, the World Values Survey has revealed two major axes along which values cluster: (1) a continuum from traditional to secular values and (2) a continuum from survival to self-expression.
  • The transition from industrial society to knowledge society is linked to a shift from survival values to self-expression values.
  • Evaluate the separation of world values into the categories of 'self-expression' and 'survival'