specialization

Examples of specialization in the following topics:

• Importance of Division of Labor

  • Division of labor is the specialization of cooperative labor in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles.
  • Cooperative labor is specialized into specific, circumscribed tasks, which individuals in specific roles accomplish.
  • He described the process of specialization as alienation.
  • Critics however allege that international specialization cannot be explained sufficiently in terms of "the work nations do best. " Instead, critics think this specialization is guided more by commercial criteria, which favor some countries over others.
  • A highly specialized division of labor is often used in factories, such as this Chinese silk factory.

• Lobbyists and Special Interest Groups

  • Lobbying describes paid activity in which special interest groups argue for specific legislation in decision-making bodies.
  • Lobbying in the United States describes paid activity in which special interests hire well-connected professional advocates, often lawyers, to argue for specific legislation in decision-making bodies such as the United States Congress.

• Neighborhood

  • Neighborhoods in preindustrial cities often had some degree of social specialization or differentiation.
  • Justify the importance of neighborhoods and communities as units of socialization, especially when specialized, such as by ethnicity or religion

• The "Sandwich Generation" and Elder Care

  • Elderly care is the fulfillment of the special needs and requirements that are unique to senior citizens.
  • Elderly care is the fulfillment of the special needs and requirements that are unique to senior citizens.

• Democracy in the U.S.

  • Special interest groups advocate the social, economic, and political causes of their specific constituencies.
  • The amount of money spent by these special interests continues to grow, as campaigns become increasingly expensive.
  • Many Americans have the feeling that these wealthy interests, whether corporations, unions, or specially organized campaign finance organizations called Political Action Committees (PACs), are so powerful that ordinary citizens can do little to counteract their influence.

• The Division of Labor

  • Division of labor is the specialization of cooperative labor in specific, circumscribed tasks and similar roles.
  • Division of labor is the specialization of cooperative labor in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles.

• The U.S. Political System

  • Although individual citizens are the only ones who can cast votes, special interest groups and lobbyists may influence elections and law-making with money and other resources.
  • At times, this influence has grown so noticeable that some have called into question whether the U.S. is truly a democracy of the people or something more like an oligarchy of special interest groups.

• Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft

  • Characteristics of these groups include slight specialization and division of labor, strong personal relationships, and relatively simple social institutions.
  • The specialization of professional roles holds them together, and often formal authority is necessary to maintain structures.

• Mechanical and Organic Solidarity

  • Although individuals perform very different roles in an organization, and often have different values and interests, there is a cohesion that arises from the compartmentalization and specialization woven into "modern" life.
  • Although individuals perform very different roles in an organization, and they often have different values and interests, there is a cohesion that arises from the compartmentalization and specialization woven into "modern" life.

• Introduction: What's different about social network data?

  • Social network analysts do use a specialized language for describing the structure and contents of the sets of observations that they use.
  • Indeed, many of the techniques used by network analysts (like calculating correlations and distances) are applied exactly the same way to network data as they would be to conventional data.While it is possible to describe network data as just a special form of conventional data (and it is), network analysts look at the data in some rather fundamentally different ways.
  • But the special purposes and emphases of network research do call for some different considerations.In this chapter, we will take a look at some of the issues that arise in design, sampling, and measurement for social network analysis.
  • We will introduce some new terminology that makes it easier to describe the special features of network data.