self-blame

Examples of self-blame in the following topics:

• Child Abuse

  • Effects of child sexual abuse include guilt and self-blame, flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, and fear of things associated with the abuse.
  • Neglect can have many long-term side effects, such as physical injuries, low self-esteem, attention disorders, violent behavior, and even death.

• Rape

  • Often, victims blame themselves for rape.
  • Although self-blame might seem like an unusual, intensely individual response to rape, it is rooted in social conceptions of rape and victimhood.
  • In the case of rape, victim blaming generally refers to the belief that certain behaviors on the part of the victim, like flirting or wearing provocative clothing, encourage assault.
  • Legal systems may perpetuate victim blaming.
  • Leaders of the feminist movement started some of the first rape crisis centers, which not only provided basic services to victims, but also advanced the idea of rape as a criminal act with a victim who was not to be blamed.

• Current Research

  • Folk devils allow us to channel our blame and fear, offering a clear course of action to remedy what many believe to be a growing problem.
  • The fact that these violent offenders are white and middle class threatens the "innocence and safety of suburban America," which means it requires a folk devil culprit, absolving white, middle-class America of the blame.
  • While it is probably not the case that the meaning (think symbolic interactionism) of tattoos to those who get them is changing (tattoos have traditionally been used to express one's self or commemorate events), how tattoos are viewed is changing.

• Psychological Approaches to the Self

  • In modern psychology, the earliest formulation of the self derived from the distinction between the self as "I," the subjective knower, and the self as "me," the object that is known.
  • Kohut called the pole of ambitions the narcissistic self (later called the grandiose self).
  • Jung , the Self is one of several archetypes.
  • To Jung, the Self is both the whole and the center.
  • While Jung perceived the ego to be a self-contained, off-centered, smaller circle contained within the whole, he believed that the Self was the greater circle.

• Colonialism and Neocolonialism

  • In ideal cases, decolonized colonies were granted sovereignty, or the right to self-govern, becoming independent countries.
  • Dependency theory builds upon Marxist thought, blaming colonialism and neocolonialism for poverty within the world system.

• Religion and Other Social Factors

  • This is the result of white Evangelicals refusing to see structural factors that contribute to inequality and their proclivity to blame poor blacks for their poverty.
  • Specifically, Batson et. al. find a negative relationship between religion and three components of mental health, "personal competence and control, self-acceptance or self-actualization, and open-mindedness and flexibility".

• Group Influence

  • Deindividuation refers to the phenomenon of relinquishing one's sense of identity, self-awareness, or evaluation apprehension.
  • Such over- and under-estimations serve to bolster peoples' self-esteem.
  • These subjects have the greatest disparity between their actual performance (at the low end of the distribution) and their self-rating (placing themselves above average).
  • Intelligence Community's Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq[30] blamed groupthink for failures to correctly interpret intelligence relating to Iraq's weapons of mass destruction capabilities.

• Sociological Theories of the Self

  • Sociological theories of the self attempt to explain how social processes such as socialization influence the development of the self.
  • Sociological theories of the self attempt to explain how social processes such as socialization influence the development of the self.
  • Mead presented the self and the mind in terms of a social process.
  • The "I" is self as subject; the "me" is self as object.
  • Interpret Mead's theory of self in term of the differences between "I" and "me"

• Cooley

  • In 1902, Charles Horton Cooley created the concept of the looking-glass self, which explored how identity is formed.
  • An example of the looking-self concept is computer technology.
  • The looking-glass self is a social psychological concept created by Charles Horton Cooley in 1902.
  • George Herbert Mead described the self as "taking the role of the other," the premise for which the self is actualized.
  • An example of the looking-self concept is computer technology.

• Adolescent Socialization

  • Researchers have used three general approaches to understanding identity development: self-concept, sense of identity and self-esteem.
  • Exploring these possibilities may result in abrupt changes in self-presentation as the adolescent chooses or rejects qualities and behaviors, trying to guide the actual self toward the ideal self (who the adolescent wishes to be) and away from the feared self (who the adolescent does not want to be).
  • Unlike the conflicting aspects of self-concept, identity represents a coherent sense of self stable across circumstances and including past experiences and future goals.
  • The final major aspect of identity formation is self-esteem, which is one's thoughts and feelings about one's self-concept and identity.
  • High-quality romantic relationships are associated with higher commitment in early adulthood and are positively associated with self-esteem, self-confidence and social competence.