right of self-defense

Examples of right of self-defense in the following topics:

• Authority and Legitimate Violence

  • Max Weber conceived of the state as a monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force.
  • Max Weber, in Politics as a Vocation, conceived of the state as a monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force.
  • This definition of the state has figured prominently in philosophy of law and in political philosophy throughout the twentieth century.
  • The right of self-defense is the right by which civilians acting on their own behalf may engage in violence for the sake of defending one's own life or the lives of others, including the use of deadly force.
  • The right of self-defense is a private form of legitimate violence that is recognized by the state.

• Spousal Abuse

  • According to a report by the United States Department of Justice, a survey of 16,000 Americans showed 22.1 percent of women and 7.4 percent of men reported being physically assaulted by a current or former spouse, cohabiting partner, boyfriend, girlfriend, or date in their lifetime.
  • Other sources argue that the rate of domestic violence against men is often inflated due to the practice of including self-defense as a form of domestic violence.
  • Another study has demonstrated a high degree of acceptance by women of aggression against men.
  • As the gay rights movement has brought gay and lesbian issues into public attention, more research has been conducted on same-sex relationships.
  • A 1999 analysis of 19 different studies of partner abuse concluded that "lesbians and gay men are just as likely to abuse their partners as heterosexual men," although the study also noted the uncertain nature of much of the contemporary research.

• Peace

  • Peace is a state of harmony characterized by the lack of violent conflict or war.
  • Peace is a state of harmony characterized by the lack of violent conflict or war.
  • Other views of pacifism include:
  • calls for abolition of the institutions of the military and war
  • opposition to violence under any circumstance, including defense of self and others

• Differential Treatment by Age or Ageism

  • Legally, when young people make poor decisions, the defense of infancy is used in such cases to argue that such individuals are too immature to be held responsible for their decisions.
  • Manufacturers of consumer goods and providers of services (e.g., Disney) are aware of the buying power of young people and target them specifically.
  • There are nearly 2 million cases of elder abuse and self-neglect in the U.S. every year.
  • Abuse refers to psychological/emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, caregiver neglect or financial exploitation while self-neglect refers to behaviors that threaten the person's own health and safety.
  • And elders who suffer from self-neglect have an even higher risk (up to 5 times higher) of premature death than do elders who do not suffer from self-neglect.

• The Movement for Gay and Lesbian Civil Rights

  • The LGBT rights movement refers to the efforts of LGBT advocates to improve their legal and social status.
  • The LGBT Rights Movement refers to the attempts of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender advocates to improve the legal and social status of LGBT people.
  • Because they were denied the right to marry, gay and lesbian couples could not file taxes jointly, often could not share custody of children, and lacked hospital visitation rights and rights of inheritance, among other benefits of marriage.
  • Congress passed the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in 1996.
  • Analyze the efforts of the LGBT rights movement to achieve equal rights and opportunities for homosexual, bisexual, and transgendered individuals

• Courts

  • The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals, held by the victorious allied forces of World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazi Germany.
  • Similarly, the rights of those accused of a crime include the right to present a defense before a court.
  • A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as part of a panel of judges.
  • A legal remedy is the means with which a court of law (usually in the exercise of civil law jurisdiction) enforces a right, imposes a penalty, or makes some other court order to impose its will.
  • For example, the Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals, held by the victorious allied forces of World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazi Germany.

• Social Construct or Biological Lineage?

  • Native Americans had treaty rights to land, but individuals with only one Indian great-grandparent were no longer classified as Native American, disenfranchising them from their claims to Native American lands.
  • Additionally, because race is self-determined and there is discrimination based on race (white are favored), Brazilians have a tendency to "self-lighten," or report their race as being lighter than an independent observer may suggest.
  • Recent research within this tradition argues that self-described race is a very good indicator of an individual's genetic profile, at least in the United States.
  • Based on their modeling, these researchers argued that ancient ancestry/geography, which correlates highly with self-described race and not current place of residence, is the major determinant of genetic structure in the US population.
  • For instance, self-described African Americans tend to have a mix of West African and European ancestry.

• Social Definition of Race

  • In the face of the increasing rejection of race as a valid classification scheme, many social scientists have replaced the word race with the word "ethnicity" to refer to self-identifying groups based on shared religion, nationality, or culture.
  • This questioning gained momentum in the 1960s during the United States' civil rights movement and the emergence of numerous anti-colonial movements worldwide.
  • Many social scientists have also replaced the word race with the word "ethnicity" to refer to self-identifying groups based on beliefs concerning shared culture, ancestry and history.
  • The social construction of race has developed within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than the cause of major race-related issues.
  • The subtypes of the Mongoloid race are shown in yellow and orange tones, those of the Europid race in light and medium grayish green-cyan tones, and those of the Negroid race in brown tones.

• Homophobia

  • If homophobic discrimination is institutional, it means either that non-heterosexual sex acts are criminalized or that LGBTQ individuals are denied the same legal rights as heterosexuals.
  • Under the statues of the bill, individuals convicted of a single act of non-heterosexual sex would receive life imprisonment.
  • Additionally, individuals or companies promoting LGBTQ rights would be nationally penalized.
  • Although non-heterosexual sex acts are legal in the United States, LGTBQ people still face institutional discrimination because they are not afforded the same rights as heterosexual couples.
  • In 1996, the federal government passed the Defense of Marriage Act.

• Social Exclusion

  • Social exclusion occurs when individuals and communities are blocked from rights and opportunities that are available to others.
  • Social exclusion is a concept used in many parts of the world to characterize forms of social disadvantage.
  • It refers to processes through which individuals and entire communities of people are systematically blocked from rights, opportunities, and resources that are normally available to members of society and that are key to social integration.
  • In modern industrialized societies, paid work is not only the principal source of income with which to buy goods and services, but is also the fount of individuals' identity and feelings of self-worth.
  • The problem of social exclusion is usually tied to that of equal opportunity, as some people are more subject to exclusion than others.