Examples of Replacement level in the following topics:
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- When the fertility rate is at the replacement level, a population will remain stable, neither growing nor shrinking.
- However, when the fertility rate deviates from the replacement level, the size of the population will change.
- Fertility rates above the replacement level will cause the population to grow; fertility rates below the replacement level will cause the population to shrink.
- All of the nations of East Asia - with the exceptions of Mongolia, the Philippines, and Laos - have fertility rates below replacement level.
- Western Europe also is below replacement.
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- The United States illustrates how the rate of natural increase and net migration combine to create population change—the fertility rate in the U.S. is at almost exactly replacement level, but migration into the country is high enough to lead to population growth.
- The US fertility rate has leveled off at about 2.0, which is nearly equal to the replacement level.
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- Replacement level refers to the fertility rate needed to maintain a stable population size.
- In order to meet the replacement level, one new fish would have to be born every year to maintain a population of four fish over time.
- If three of the original fish were female and capable of laying an egg, they would have to exhibit a fertility rate of .33 to reach replacement level.
- Typically, high birth rates have been associated with health impairments and low life expectancy, low living standards, low status of women, and low levels of education.
- Almost universally, higher levels of educational attainment correspond to lower fertility rates.
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- Another important demographic concept relating to fertility is replacement level.
- Replacement level fertility refers to the number of children that a woman (or monogamous couple) must have in order to replace the existing population.
- Sub-replacement fertility is a fertility rate that is not high enough to replace an existing population.
- Replacement level fertility is generally set at 2.1 children in a woman's lifetime (this number varies by geographic region given different mortality rates).
- Almost universally, higher levels of educational attainment result in lower fertility rates.
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- Population growth begins to level off.
- Birth rates may drop to well below replacement level as has happened in countries like Germany, Italy, and Japan, leading to a shrinking population, a threat to many industries that rely on population growth.
- Death rates may remain consistently low or increase slightly due to increases in lifestyle diseases due to low exercise levels and high obesity and an aging population in developed countries.
- By the late 20th century, birth rates and death rates in developed countries leveled off at lower rates.
- Some scholars delineate a separate fifth stage of below-replacement fertility levels.
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- All the nations of East Asia, with the exceptions of Mongolia, the Philippines, and Laos, are below replacement level.
- Russia and Eastern Europe are dramatically below replacement fertility.
- Western Europe also is below replacement.
- In the Middle East Iran, Tunisia, Algeria, Turkey, and Lebanon are below replacement.
- Once countries pass through the demographic transition, some experience fertility rate decreases so substantial that they fall well below replacement level and their populations begin to shrink (as has Russia's in recent years, though emigration has also played a role in Russia's population decline).
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- Once countries pass through the demographic transition, some experience fertility rate decreases so substantial that they fall well below replacement level—the birth rate needed to maintain a stable population—and their populations begin to shrink.
- About half the world population lives in nations with sub-replacement fertility.
- Where women's status has improved, for example, there has generally been a drastic reduction in the birth rate, resulting in more sustainable growth levels.
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- Family types that are replacing the traditional nuclear family include single parent families, cohabitation, and gay and lesbian families.
- Sociological studies of the family look at demographic characteristic of the family members: family size, age, ethnicity and gender of its members, social class of the family, the economic level and mobility of the family, professions of its members, and the education levels of the family members.
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- These activities, especially when meaningful, help the elderly to replace lost life roles after retirement and, therefore, resist the social pressures that limit an older person's world.
- Compare the activity model and disengagement model of aging, in terms of activity level and level of life satisfaction
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- This approach looks at society through a macro-level orientation, which is a broad focus on the social structures that shape society as a whole.
- It is responsible for social replacement by reproducing new members, to replace its dying members .