relative

Examples of relative in the following topics:

• Relative Deprivation Approach

  • Social scientists have cited 'relative deprivation' as a potential cause of social movements and deviance.
  • Social scientists, particularly political scientists and sociologists, have cited 'relative deprivation' (especially temporal relative deprivation) as a potential cause of social movements and deviance.
  • A specific form of relative deprivation is relative poverty.
  • A measure of relative poverty defines poverty as being below some relative poverty line, such as households who earn less than 20% of the median income.
  • Discuss the concepts of relative and absolute deprivation as they relate to social movements

• Fads

  • A fad, also known as a craze, refers to a fashion that becomes popular in a culture (or subcultures) relatively quickly, remains popular, often for a rather brief period, then loses popularity dramatically.

• Measuring Poverty

  • The European Union's poverty threshold is based on relative poverty -- it measures how far below median income a person is, rather than whether or not they can meet their daily needs.
  • Poverty is usually measured as either absolute or relative poverty.
  • Relative poverty explains poverty as socially defined and dependent on social context.
  • Usually, relative poverty is measured as the percentage of the population with income less than some fixed proportion of median income.
  • Relative poverty measures are used as official poverty rates in several developed countries and are measured according to several different income inequality metrics, including the Gini coefficient and the Theil Index.

• Aging is Both Biological and Sociological

  • Aging may be seen as a relatively objective biological process whereby one becomes older and experiences varied biological developments.
  • As such, our person born into the United States during the 1980's can be expected to follow relatively stable patterns of biological development that will be interpreted in similar ways to others born at the same time.
  • Given the many possible answers to these questions, this person can be expected to follow relatively varied patterns of social development that will be interpreted in different ways by others born at the same time.
  • Additionally, this child may not align with societal age norms by not doing what society expects the child to do at certain ages.Aging is a complex process of subjective biological and social realities intertwined with relatively objective biological and social standards that shift within and between historical and cultural periods.

• Flow centrality

  • Some actors are clearly more central than others, and the relative variability in flow betweenness of the actors is fairly great (the standard deviation of normed flow betweenness is 8.2 relative to a mean of 9.2, giving a coefficient of relative variation).
  • Despite this relatively high amount of variation, the degree of inequality, or concentration in the distribution of flow betweenness centralities among the actors is fairly low -- relative to that of a pure star network (the network centralization index is 25.6%).

• Socially Constructed Interpretations of Aging

  • In societies where lifespans are relatively short (e.g., Chad) or in areas within a given society where violence and / or other means of "early" death are common, one could be considered "old" or "middle-aged" by her mid-twenties, whereas in countries and social settings with longer lifespans (e.g., Japan) and lower levels of "early" death, mid-twenties is still considered young-adulthood.
  • The activities that are expected of one at different ages is also socially constructed and relative to culture.
  • Likewise, the idea of childhood being an age of innocence when children should be kept from adult worries and spend their time pursuing education and recreating is only widely held in highly developed countries and is a relatively recent invention, following the industrial revolution and the introduction of child-labor laws.

• Introduction to deviance

  • Cultural norms are relative; this makes deviant behavior relative as well.
  • The norms and rules of the Christ Desert Monastery are examples of how norms are relative to cultures.

• The Incest Taboo, Marriage, and the Family

  • An incest taboo is any cultural rule or norm that prohibits sexual relations between relatives.
  • An incest taboo is any cultural rule or norm that prohibits sexual relations between relatives.
  • Usually certain close relatives are excluded from being possible partners.

• Poverty

  • By local standards of relative poverty, the wealthiest person in a town in Liberia is well-off, but measured on a global scale that person is likely to be considered relatively poor.
  • "Relative poverty" refers to economic disadvantage compared to wealthier members of society, whereas "absolute poverty" refers to a family (or an individual) with an income so low that they cannot afford basic necessities of survival, such as food and shelter.
  • If there is a high level of social mobility, it is relatively easy for people to leave poverty.

• Types of Social Mobility

  • Social mobility can be vertical and horizontal, absolute and relative, and between generations.
  • The expectation that children's status would exceed parents was based on relative social mobility.
  • A distinction can be drawn between absolute social mobility, which refers to the total observed movement of people between classes, and relative social mobility, which is an estimate of the chance of upward or downward movement of a member of one social class in comparison with a member from another class.
  • Relative social mobility might refer to the opportunities presented to a middle class child born in a particular area of the United States, who might be predicted to attain a college level education and a maximum income of $80,000, for example.