neighborhood

Examples of neighborhood in the following topics:

• Urban Neighborhoods

  • While neighborhoods have expanded with industrialization and the development of even larger urban areas, neighborhoods have always existed.
  • In Canada and the United States, neighborhoods are often given official or semi-official status through neighborhood associations, neighborhood watches, or block watches.
  • Though neighborhoods are less strictly regulated by government officials, this is not to say that neighborhoods lack political power.
  • Indeed, sociologists and political scientists have found that individuals in neighborhoods tend to vote similarly in what is referred to as the neighborhood effect.
  • The voting preference of a neighborhood tends to be formed by consensus, where people tend to vote with the general trend the neighborhood.

• Neighborhood

  • A neighborhood is a geographically localized community within a larger city, town, or suburb.
  • A neighborhood is a geographically localized community within a larger city, town, or suburb.
  • Neighborhoods are typically generated by social interaction among people living near one another.
  • Other neighborhoods were united by religious persuasion.
  • This image is of Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City.

• Introduction

  • The boundaries of ego networks are defined in terms of neighborhoods.
  • When we use the term neighborhood here, we mean the one-step neighborhood.
  • "In" and "Out" and other kinds of neighborhoods.
  • An "in" neighborhood would include all the actors who sent ties directly to ego.
  • "Strong and weak tie neighborhoods. " Most analysis of ego networks uses binary data -- two actors are connected or they aren't, and this defines the ego neighborhood.

• Clustering

  • The "weighted" version gives weight to the neighborhood densities proportional to their size; that is, actors with larger neighborhoods get more weight in computing the average density.
  • In our example, we see that all of the actors are surrounded by local neighborhoods that are fairly dense -- our organizations can be seen as embedded in dense local neighborhoods to a fairly high degree.
  • We can also examine the densities of the neighborhoods of each actor, as is shown in figure 8.9.
  • The sizes of each actor's neighborhood is reflected in the number of pairs of actors in it.
  • Actors 8 and 10 are embedded in highly clustered neighborhoods.

• Continuous REGE for geodesic distances (Padgett's marriage data)

  • Two nodes are said to be more equivalent if they have an actor of similar distance in their neighborhood (similar in the quantitative sense of "5" is more similar to "4" than 6 is).
  • By default, the algorithm extends the search to neighborhoods of distance 3 (though less or more can be selected).
  • Figure 15.8 shows the results of applying Network>Roles & Positions>Maximal Regular>REGE to the Padgett data, using "3 iterations" (that is, three-step neighborhoods).

• Ego network density

  • There are quite a few characteristics of the ego-neighborhoods of actors that may be of interest.
  • In this example, we've decided to examine "out neighborhoods" (in neighborhoods or undirected neighborhoods can also be selected).
  • Each line describes the one-step ego neighborhood of a particular actor.
  • In our example, there are no such cases -- each ego is embedded in a single component neighborhood.
  • The likelihood that there would be more than one weak components in ego's neighborhood would be a function of neighborhood size if connections were random.

• Summary

  • All are based on searching the neighborhoods of actors and profiling these neighborhoods by the presence of actors of other "types."
  • To the extent that actors have similar "types" of actors at similar distances in their neighborhoods, they are regularly equivalent.

• Urban Gentrification

  • Gentrification occurs when wealthier people buy or rent property in a low-income or working class neighborhood, displacing residents.
  • Gentrification occurs when wealthier people buy or rent property in low-income or working class neighborhoods, driving up property values and rent.
  • The first urban pioneers in a gentrifying neighborhood may have lower incomes, but possess the cultural capital (e.g., education) characteristic of suburban residents.
  • Thus, they are willing to move into marginal neighborhoods.
  • Many critics of gentrification point to its effects on racial composition of the neighborhood as low-income residents are displaced.

• Models of Urban Growth

  • Harlem, New York is an example of a neighborhood with a long history of urban growth and decay.
  • Since that period, the neighborhood experienced urban decay and became a hotbed of crime and poverty.
  • In recent years, various organizations have sought to renew the neighborhood by encouraging the development of new residences and businesses.
  • New Urbanism is an urban design movement that promotes walkable neighborhoods with a range of housing options and job types.
  • As an approach to urban planning, it encompasses principles such as traditional neighborhood design and transit-oriented development.

• Introduction

  • The mission of Hull House was to provide social and educational opportunities forworking class people in the surrounding neighborhood.
  • In addition to making available services and cultural opportunities for the largely immigrant population of the neighborhood, Hull House afforded an opportunity for young social workers to acquire training.
  • These involved "[c]lose cooperation with the neighborhood people, scientific study of the causes of poverty and dependence, communication of [these] facts to the public, and persistent pressure for [legislative and social] reform..."