neighborhood effect

Examples of neighborhood effect in the following topics:

• Urban Neighborhoods

  • People likely move to Greenwich Village because they hold values that are in line with its reputation, but once they move there socialization among neighbors likely increasing the strength and specificity of their shared views through the neighborhood effect.
  • While neighborhoods have expanded with industrialization and the development of even larger urban areas, neighborhoods have always existed.
  • In Canada and the United States, neighborhoods are often given official or semi-official status through neighborhood associations, neighborhood watches, or block watches.
  • Though neighborhoods are less strictly regulated by government officials, this is not to say that neighborhoods lack political power.
  • Indeed, sociologists and political scientists have found that individuals in neighborhoods tend to vote similarly in what is referred to as the neighborhood effect.

• Urban Gentrification

  • Gentrification occurs when wealthier people buy or rent property in a low-income or working class neighborhood, displacing residents.
  • A portion of Darien Street is effectively an alleyway because it does not connect to any of the city's main arteries or thoroughfares and was unpaved for most of its existence.
  • Gentrification occurs when wealthier people buy or rent property in low-income or working class neighborhoods, driving up property values and rent.
  • Thus, they are willing to move into marginal neighborhoods.
  • Many critics of gentrification point to its effects on racial composition of the neighborhood as low-income residents are displaced.

• Structural holes

  • The dyadic redundancy measure calculates, for each actor in ego's neighborhood, how many of the other actors in the neighborhood are also tied to the other.
  • The effective size of ego's network is three.
  • So, the effective size of the network is its actual size (3), reduced by its redundancy (2), to yield an efficient size of 1.
  • Efficiency (Efficie) norms the effective size of ego's network by its actual size.
  • An actor can be effective without being efficient; and and actor can be efficient without being effective.

• Models of Urban Growth

  • Harlem, New York is an example of a neighborhood with a long history of urban growth and decay.
  • Since that period, the neighborhood experienced urban decay and became a hotbed of crime and poverty.
  • In recent years, various organizations have sought to renew the neighborhood by encouraging the development of new residences and businesses.
  • Smart growth programs often incorporate transit-oriented development goals to encourage effective public transit systems and make bicyclers and pedestrians more comfortable.
  • New Urbanism is an urban design movement that promotes walkable neighborhoods with a range of housing options and job types.

• Neighborhood

  • A neighborhood is a geographically localized community within a larger city, town, or suburb.
  • A neighborhood is a geographically localized community within a larger city, town, or suburb.
  • Neighborhoods are typically generated by social interaction among people living near one another.
  • Other neighborhoods were united by religious persuasion.
  • This image is of Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City.

• Introduction

  • The boundaries of ego networks are defined in terms of neighborhoods.
  • When we use the term neighborhood here, we mean the one-step neighborhood.
  • "In" and "Out" and other kinds of neighborhoods.
  • An "in" neighborhood would include all the actors who sent ties directly to ego.
  • "Strong and weak tie neighborhoods. " Most analysis of ego networks uses binary data -- two actors are connected or they aren't, and this defines the ego neighborhood.

• Urban Decline

  • Urban decline is the process whereby a previously functioning city or neighborhood falls into disrepair.
  • After facing economic hardship and seeing the decline of local infrastructure and resources, San Antonia created official districts with self-governing neighborhood associations, and redeveloped urban space to create neighborhood centers.
  • Urban decline is the process whereby a previously functioning city or neighborhood falls into disrepair and decrepitude.
  • Another characteristic of urban decay is blight, the visual, psychological, and physical effects of living daily life among empty lots, abandoned buildings, and condemned houses.
  • New Urbanism is an urban design movement that promotes walkable neighborhoods that contain a range of housing and professional options.

• Staking the Desk: Unequal Funding

  • As a result, schools in wealthier neighborhoods have substantially larger budgets, which translates into better facilities, better teachers, and better resources.
  • Whereas some people laud education as the great equalizer, others observe the effects of school funding schemes and conclude that they actually reinforce inequality and stratification.
  • Since school funding is often based on property taxes, poorer neighborhoods may have less money available for schools.

• Efficiency

  • For small populations of actors (e.g. the people in a neighborhood, or the business firms in an industry), we can describe the pattern of social relationships that connect the actors rather completely and effectively using words.

• Clustering

  • The "weighted" version gives weight to the neighborhood densities proportional to their size; that is, actors with larger neighborhoods get more weight in computing the average density.
  • In our example, we see that all of the actors are surrounded by local neighborhoods that are fairly dense -- our organizations can be seen as embedded in dense local neighborhoods to a fairly high degree.
  • We can also examine the densities of the neighborhoods of each actor, as is shown in figure 8.9.
  • The sizes of each actor's neighborhood is reflected in the number of pairs of actors in it.
  • Actors 8 and 10 are embedded in highly clustered neighborhoods.