Examples of Modernization Theory in the following topics:
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- Social cycle theories are among the earliest social theories in sociology.
- In fact, the early theory of Sima Qian, a Chinese historiographer of the Han Dynasty and typically considered to be the father of Chinese historiography, the more recent theories of long-term ("secular") political-demographic cycles as well as the Varnic theory of P.R.
- Sociological cycle theory was also developed by Pitirim A.
- The presence of political-demographic cycles in the pre-modern history of Europe and China , and in chiefdom level societies worldwide has been known for quite a long time, and already in the 1980s more or less developed mathematical models of demographic cycles started to be produced.
- Modern social scientists from different fields have introduced cycle theories to predict civilizational collapses in approaches that apply contemporary methods, which update the approach of Spengler, such as the work of Joseph Tainter suggesting a civilizational life-cycle.
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- A prominent sociological theory that is often contrasted with structural-functionalism is conflict theory.
- Conflict theory was developed in part to illustrate the limitations of structural-functionalism.
- Conflict theory was elaborated in the United Kingdom by Max Gluckman and John Rex, in the United States by Lewis A.
- This is particularly true of structural-functionalism and social-conflict theories.
- Structural-functionalism focuses on equilibrium and solidarity; conflict-theory focuses on change and conflict.
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- Modern archaeological and anthropological evidence shows that many early societies were not as centralized, despotic, or unequal as the hydraulic theory would suggest.
- An alternative theory of state formation focuses on the rise of more modern nation-states and explains their rise by arguing they became necessary for leveraging the resources necessary to fight and defend against wars.
- According to Tilly's theory, military innovation in pre-modern Europe (especially gunpowder and mass armies) made war extremely expensive.
- Thus, the modern states and its institutions (such as taxes) were created to enable war making.
- Discuss the formation of states and centralization of authority in modern history
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- A sociologist might use the following types of evidence to support modernization and development theory, dependency theory, and world systems theory respectively: Poor, rural areas of India have seen increased local wealth and income with the introduction of mobile ATMs, suggesting that access to modern capitalism and technology can reduce economic inequality.
- A sociologist might use the following types of evidence to support modernization and development theory, dependency theory, and world systems theory respectively: Poor, rural areas of India have seen increased local wealth and income with the introduction of mobile ATMs, suggesting that access to modern capitalism and technology can reduce economic inequality.
- Modern sociologists, however, generally speak of stratification in terms of socioeconomic status (SES).
- There are three dominant theories that sociologists use to consider why inequality exists on a global scale .
- Firstly, some sociologists use a theory of development and modernization to argue that poor nations remain poor because they hold onto traditional attitudes and beliefs, technologies and institutions, such as traditional economic systems and forms of government.
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- A sociologist might use the following types of evidence to support modernization and development theory, dependency theory, and world systems theory respectively: Poor, rural areas of India have seen increased local wealth and income with the introduction of mobile ATMs, suggesting that access to modern capitalism and technology can reduce economic inequality.
- There are three dominant theories that sociologists use to consider why inequality exists on a global scale.
- First, some sociologists use a theory of development and modernization to argue that poor nations remain poor because they hold onto traditional attitudes and beliefs, technologies and institutions.
- According to this theory, in the modern world, the rise of capitalism brought modern attitudes, modern technologies, and modern institutions which helped countries progress and have a higher standard of living.
- Analyze the three dominant theories that attempt to explain global stratification
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- Conflict theory argues that the economic and political structures of a society create social divisions, inequalities, and conflicts.
- Certain conflict theories set out to highlight the ideological aspects inherent in traditional thought.
- Wright Mills has been called the founder of modern conflict theory.
- Conflict theory is most commonly associated with Marxism, but as a reaction to functionalism and the positivist method, it may also be associated with a number of other perspectives, including critical theory, feminist theory, postmodern theory, post-structural theory, postcolonial theory, queer theory, world systems theory, and race-conflict theory.
- Examine the differing views on conflict theory from various sociologists, such as Karl Marx and C.
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- Though the theory turns out not to be true, the logic follows that of Durkheim's explanation of organic solidarity.
- In modern society, collective effervescence continues to play a role in cementing social solidarity.
- One of Durkheim's primary goals was to analyze how how modern societies could maintain social integration after the traditional bonds of family and church were replaced by modern economic relations.
- Durkheim worried that modernity might herald the disintegration of society.
- Professor Dan Krier, of Iowa State University, explains Durkheim's theories of social solidarity and modernity.
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- Instead, he developed the three-component theory of stratification and the concept of life chances.
- Weber's theory more closely resembles theories of modern Western class structures embraced by sociologists, although economic status does not seem to depend strictly on earnings in the way Weber envisioned.
- He noted that, contrary to Marx's theories, stratification was based on more than ownership of capital.
- Using Weber's theory of stratification, members of the U.S.
- Recall the three components of stratification in Weberian theory, including their definitions
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- For example, the modern prison is a template for these institutions, because it controls its inmates by the perfect use of discipline.
- Karl Marx is the father of the social conflict theory, which is a component of the four paradigms of sociology.
- In conflict theory, deviant behaviors are actions that do not comply with social institutions.
- Rather, the modern state receives praise for its fairness and dispersion of power that, instead of controlling each individual, controls the mass.
- The modern prison is a template for these institutions, because it controls its inmates by the perfect use of discipline.
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- There are two significant problems with this theory.
- there will always be grounds for protest in modern, politically pluralistic societies because there is constant discontent (i.e., grievances or deprivation); this de-emphasizes the importance of these factors as it makes them ubiquitous
- Critics of the political process theory and resource-mobilization theory point out that neither theory discusses movement culture to any great degree.
- Culture theory builds upon both the political process and resource-mobilization theories but extends them in two ways.
- Both resource-mobilization theory and political process theory include a sense of injustice in their approaches.