individual mobility

Examples of individual mobility in the following topics:

• Social Mobility

  • Social mobility is the movement of an individual or group from one social position to another over time.
  • Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups in social positions over time.
  • Most commonly, social mobility refers to the change in wealth and social status of individuals or families.
  • Social mobility typically refers to vertical mobility, movement of individuals or groups up or down from one socio-economic level to another, often by changing jobs or marriage.
  • In different countries or regions, the extent to which individuals have social mobility depends upon different factors.

• Types of Social Mobility

  • Once the British middle class experienced absolute upward mobility, an individual child became expected to achieve greater status than their parents, even though this was not true in every individual case.
  • Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups in social position over time.
  • Most commonly, social mobility refers to the change in wealth and social status of individuals or families.
  • Social mobility typically refers to vertical mobility, which is the movement of individuals or groups up or down from one socioeconomic level to another, often by changing jobs or through marriage.
  • In different countries or regions, the extent to which individuals are socially mobile depends upon different factors.

• Social Mobility

  • Social mobility is the extent to which individuals can move between social positions, either in their lifetime or between generations.
  • Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups in social position over time.
  • Most commonly, social mobility refers to the change in wealth and social status of individuals or families.
  • Social mobility typically refers to vertical mobility—movement of individuals or groups up or down from one socio-economic level to another, often by changing jobs or marriage.
  • The ability of an individual to become wealthy out of poverty does not necessarily indicate that there is social mobility in his or her society.

• Resource Mobilization Approach

  • The resource-mobilization approach is a theory that seeks to explain the emergence of social movements.
  • Resource-Mobilization Theory emphasizes the importance of resources in social movement development and success.
  • The theory argues that social movements develop when individuals with grievances are able to mobilize sufficient resources to take action.
  • The emphasis on resources explains why some discontented/deprived individuals are able to organize while others are not.
  • Resource mobilization theory also divides social movements according to their position among other social movements.

• Open vs. Closed Stratification Systems

  • Though the extent to which individuals have social mobility in the United States is debated, new members of the elite are evidence that there is some mobility between classes.
  • The difference between these types of class systems are their structural mobility.
  • In a class system that has high structural mobility, it's easy to move around between social classes based on the way the society is structured, regardless of your individual achievements.
  • Individuals can move up or down in the social rankings; this is unlike closed systems, where individuals are set in one social position for life despite their achievements.
  • The United States exhibits an open stratification system, where individuals can move between social statuses based on achievement.

• Sources of Social Change

  • Deprivation theory and resource-mobilization have been discussed in detail in this chapter's section entitled "Social Movements. "
  • Mobilization: this is the actual organizing and active component of the movement; people do what needs to be done in order to further their cause.
  • Culture theory builds upon both the theories of political process (the existence of political opportunities is crucial for movement development) and resource-mobilization (the mobilization of sufficient resources is central to movement formation and success), but it also extends them in two ways.
  • Both resource-mobilization theory and political process theory incorporate the concept of injustice into their approaches.
  • Culture theory brings this notion of injustice to the forefront of movement creation, arguing that in order for social movements to successfully mobilize individuals, they must develop an injustice frame.

• Social Movement Theories

  • According to this approach, individuals who are lacking some good, service, or comfort are more likely to organize a social movement to improve (or defend) their conditions.
  • Mass-Society Theory argues that social movements are made up of individuals in large societies who feel insignificant or socially detached.
  • The theory argues that social movements develop when individuals with grievances are able to mobilize sufficient resources to take action.
  • The emphasis on resources offers an explanation why some discontented/deprived individuals are able to organize while others are not.
  • Culture theory brings this sense of injustice to the forefront of movement creation by arguing that, in order for social movements to successfully mobilize individuals, they must develop an injustice frame.

• Social Mobility in the U.S.

  • Strong social and economic mobility is considered part of American Dream, though there is relatively low social mobility in the U.S.
  • Poverty, since those with low income have significantly lower rates of mobility than middle and higher income individuals
  • The limit to women's and minorities' upward mobility is called the glass ceiling.
  • One reason for the persistence of the glass ceiling, even as explicitly discriminatory policies are eliminated, is the small proportion of high status individuals in the social networks of women and ethnic minorities.
  • In the United States, white males have greater social mobility than women and racial/ethnic minorities, whose mobility is limited by the glass ceiling.

• Poverty

  • They live in poverty, as the term is used colloquially, and likely fall under formal income thresholds that designate individuals as officially poor.
  • The term for a person's ability to change their economic status in a society is known as "social mobility. "
  • If there is a high level of social mobility, it is relatively easy for people to leave poverty.
  • Easy access to higher education and prevalence of well-paying jobs contribute to social mobility.
  • While some factors that contribute to poverty are the result of individual choices, such as dropping out of school or committing a crime, other factors affect poverty that are beyond individual control.

• The Role of Age

  • As a result, older individuals in the U.S. are seen as having more political power than younger people.
  • On the other hand, AARP pursues its mission by mobilizing its immense resource base to lobby for policy change.
  • Politicians such as Obama focus on issues that are relevant to certain age groups in order to mobilize support.