Home-based care

Examples of Home-based care in the following topics:

• Child Care

  • If a parent or extended family is unable to care for the children, orphanages and foster homes are a way of providing for children's care, housing, and schooling.
  • The two main types of child care options are center-based care and home-based care.
  • In-home care typically is provided by nannies, au-pairs, or friends and family.
  • Depending on the number of children in the home, the children utilizing in-home care enjoy the greatest amount of interaction with their caregiver, forming a close bond.
  • Analyze the different types of child care in the United States, from parental care to center-based care

• The "Sandwich Generation" and Elder Care

  • This broad term encompasses such services as assisted living, adult day care, long-term care, nursing homes, hospice care, and in-home care.
  • Given the choice, most elders would prefer to continue to live in their own homes.
  • Unfortunately, the majority of elderly people gradually lose functioning ability and require either additional assistance in the home or a move to an eldercare facility.
  • One relatively new service in the United States that can help keep the elderly in their homes longer is respite care.
  • This type of care allows caregivers the opportunity to go on vacation or a business trip and know that their elder has good quality temporary care.

• Aging

  • For example, most societies have a generally accepted age of retirement (based on both societal norms as well as a country's tax laws and pension rules) after which point an individual ceases to engage in employment.
  • The rest of society typically assumes some level of responsibility in ensuring that the elderly are cared for.
  • Some of the main reasons why elders are less likely to be taken care of exclusively by their families include the decreasing size of families, the increased longevity of the elderly, the geographic dispersion of families, and the fact that women have become more educated and commonly work outside the home.
  • The various forms that elderly care services can take include assisted living, adult day care, long-term care, nursing homes, hospice care, and in-home care.
  • The different institutions can further be classified as medical (skilled) care and non-medical (social) care.

• Day Care

  • Day care, in which children are cared for by a person other than their legal guardians, contributes to their socialization.
  • Child care is provided in nurseries or crèches, or by a nanny or family child care provider caring for children in their own homes.
  • The day care industry is a continuum from personal parental care to large, regulated institutions.
  • Some advocate that day care is inherently inferior to parental care.
  • Early childhood education is the formal teaching and care of young children by people other than their family in settings outside of the home.

• Health Disparities

  • Industrial pollutants and lead-paint, common in older homes, can both lead to increased incidents of disease.
  • Similarly, gender and sexual minorities are more likely to be displaced from their homes at earlier ages (e.g., with less symbolic and economic capital) than other members of society.
  • There are a number of ways in which health disparities play out based on different systems of stratification.
  • As noted above, researchers also find health disparities based on gender and sexual stratification.
  • Health disparities based on race also exist.

• Applied and Clinical Sociology

  • The strategies were based on sociological findings that fertility rates are lower in modern industrial or post-industrial economies, where people put off having children in order to pursue education and economic opportunities.
  • They were also based on sociological findings that fertility rates are lower when women have opportunities to pursue education and work outside the home.
  • Examples of NGOs include Oxfam , Catholic Relief Services , CARE International , and Lutheran World Relief .
  • Clinical sociologists usually focus on vulnerable population groups, such as children, youths or elderly, and are employed in various settings such as treatment facilities or life care communities like nursing homes.
  • They are directly involved in case management and care planning .

• Family and Gender Issues

  • Economists who have investigated the gender pay gap have also noted that women are more likely to choose jobs based on factors other than pay.
  • Health care for children and a flexible schedule that enables women to take care of their children for which they are still overwhelmingly responsible, may take priority over pay.
  • Traditionally, women are expected to stay at home and take care of the children, while men earn wages to financially support their families.

• Physicians, Nurses, and Patients

  • The U.S. physicians are an important part of the health care in the United States.
  • Nursing Science is a field of knowledge based on the contributions of nursing scientists through peer-reviewed scholarly journals and evidenced-based practice.
  • Nurses care for individuals of all ages and cultural backgrounds, who are healthy and ill, in a holistic manner based on the individual's physical, emotional, psychological, intellectual, social, and spiritual needs.
  • A patient is any recipient of health care services.
  • Patients' satisfaction with an encounter with health care service is mainly dependent on the duration and efficiency of care, and how empathetic and communicable the health care providers are.

• The Social Construction of Aging

  • Society has predetermined who is socially able to obtain those discounts based on their age range.
  • In Japan, adult children are expected to care for their aging parents in ways different than in the United States.
  • Sixty five percent of Japanese elders live with their children and very few live in nursing homes.
  • Japanese cultural norms suggest that caring for one's parents by putting them in an assisted living home is tantamount to neglect.
  • When unable to care for themselves, parents should ideally move in with their children.

• Paying for Medical Care

  • As noted in the previous section, disparities in health care are often related to an individual's or a group's ability to pay for health care.
  • For example, while a public-funded system (see below) might decide to pay for a pap smear only once every five years if the patient was not positive for the human papilloma virus based on cost efficiency, in a private system a consumer can choose to be screened more often and enjoy the luxury of greater peace of mind and marginally reduced risk.
  • An alternative to private health insurance and the free-market approach to health care is publicly funded health care.
  • Publicly funded health care facilitates the creation of uniform standards of care.
  • Health care workers' pay is often not related to quality or speed of care.