Foreign direct investment

Examples of Foreign direct investment in the following topics:

• Disinvestment and Deindustrialization

  • American companies are still involved in the financial aspects of the company; the company remains an American property or American financiers invest through foreign direct investment in companies based abroad.
  • In this model, daily operation occurs overseas, including the hiring of foreign workers in the country where the manufacturing operations are now based.

• Colonialism and Neocolonialism

  • The United States is an example of a core country, with immense capital and relatively high wage labor; Mexico is a semiperipheral country, where the economy has grown rapidly and there is significant technology manufacturing, but where most capital still comes from foreign nations; Liberia is an example of a peripheral country, where virtually all investment is foreign and many wage laborers earn less than $1/day.
  • Generally, it does not refer to any type of direct colonization, but colonialism by other means.
  • The search for raw materials and new investment opportunities is the result of inter-capitalist rivalry for capital accumulation.
  • This theory argues that countries have developed at an uneven rate because wealthy countries have exploited poor countries in the past and today through foreign debt and foreign trade.
  • At present, much of South and Central America is still economically dependent on foreign nations for capital and export markets.

• Colonialism, Decolonization, and Neo-Colonialism

  • Easier access to foreign lands encouraged European nobles and merchants to seek out new territories in an effort to acquire raw materials and develop new markets.
  • Neocolonialism is the practice of using capitalism, globalization, and cultural forces to control a country in lieu of direct military or political control.
  • For example, if an American company wants to farm in Ethiopia, the company can apply pressure on the Ethiopian government to grant them certain conditions in exchange for the investment in the land.
  • In this way, foreign companies exert significant influence over post-colonial states.
  • Second, foreign countries can exert influence over post-colonial states by only offering loans under certain conditions.

• Dependency Theories

  • Brazil is an example of a nation with a rapidly growing economy that is nonetheless still mired by dependency on foreign nations.
  • Countries have developed at an uneven rate because wealthy countries have exploited poor countries in the past and continue to do so today through foreign debt and foreign trade.
  • The governments of poor countries invite these TNCs to invest in their country with the hope of developing the country and bringing material benefit to the people.
  • Widespread malnutrition is one of the effects of this foreign dependency.
  • At present, much of South and Central America is still economically dependent on foreign nations for capital and export markets.

• Mexico's Economy

  • After the international oil and interest rate crisis in 1982, which had a profoundly negative impact on the Mexican economy, Mexican leaders changed economic directions.
  • After the country entered its economic industrial transformation, industrialists, businessmen, and politicians have controlled the direction of wealth in Mexico and have remained among the wealthy.
  • For example, Mexico's heavy dependency on foreign influences, particularly the United States, has led it to adopt policies that do not favor its own citizens.
  • Similarly, many critics claim that while the NAFTA agreement proved effective in increasing Mexico's economic performance, foreign trade policies have not done enough to promote social advancement and reduce poverty.

• Ego network density

  • Number of directed ties is the number of connections among all the nodes in the ego network.
  • Number of ordered pairs is the number of possible directed ties in each ego network.
  • In node 1's network there are four actors, so there are 4*3 possible directed ties.
  • A weak component is the largest number of actors who are connected, disregarding the direction of the ties (a strong component pays attention to the direction of the ties for directed data).
  • If reach efficiency is high, then I am getting a lot of "bang for my buck" in reaching a wider network for each unit of effort invested in maintaining a primary contact.

• New State Spaces

  • They also tend to have large expatriate communities, groups of people from other countries, who give the cities a cosmpolitan flair and also increase the relevance of foreign political events for global cities.
  • It was originally formed to encourage and enable economic cooperation, but has grown to have a good deal of political power, most notably directing a Common Agricultural Policy for member states.

• Value Clusters

  • With the rise of the knowledge society, cultural change moves in a new direction.
  • Self-expression values give high priority to environmental protection; tolerance of foreigners, gays, and lesbians; gender equality; and participation in decision-making as it relates to economic and political life.

• Cultural Sociology: Researching Culture

  • The sociologist can come at this collective representation process from the other direction, from the analysis of a particular cultural object, as well; if we were to try to understand a cultural object, we would look for how it is used by some group as representing that group.
  • For instance, those dressed in business attire (even when walking their dogs) – the yuppies – have particular perspectives on the future of the Village: they are interested in increasing property values in order to maximize their investment.

• Tracking Systems

  • Students in academically advanced tracks study higher mathematics, more foreign languages, and literature.
  • Proponents of tracking say that tracking allows teachers to better direct lessons toward the specific ability level of the students in each class.