de facto segregation

Examples of de facto segregation in the following topics:

• Savage Inequalities

  • Kozol concludes that these disparities in school quality perpetuate inequality and constitute de facto segregation.
  • He argues that racial segregation is still alive and well in the American educational system; this is due to the gross inequalities that result from unequal distribution of funds collected through both property taxes and funds distributed by the state in an attempt to "equalize" the expenditures of schools.
  • Although segregation is officially illegal, unequal school funding can create de facto segregation.

• Oligarchy

  • The Soviet Union was a de jure oligarchy: only members of the Communist Party were allowed to vote or hold office.
  • Today, Russia may be considered a de facto oligarchy: Since the collapse of the Soviet Union on 31 December 1991, privately owned Russia-based multinational corporations, including producers of petroleum, natural gas, and metal have become oligarchs.
  • States may be oligarchies de jure or de facto.
  • In de jure oligarchies, an elite group is given power by the law.
  • In de facto oligarchies, those with more resources are able to gain political power, despite laws that ostensibly treat all citizens equally.

• Legal Definition of Race

  • Many consider de facto racial profiling an example of institutional racism in law enforcement.

• The Credentialized Society

  • Credentials are attestations of qualification, competence, or authority issued to an individual by a third party with a relevant or de facto authority to do so.