collective bargaining

Examples of collective bargaining in the following topics:

• Labor Unions

  • Labor unions provide members with the power of collective bargaining over and fight for workers rights.
  • Labor union's activism centers on collective bargaining over wages, benefits, and working conditions for their membership, and on representing their members in disputes with management over violations of contract provisions.
  • To join a traditional labor union, workers must either be given voluntary recognition from their employer or have a majority of workers in a bargaining unit vote for union representation.
  • To fight employer anti-union programs, unions are currently advocating new "card check" federal legislation that would require employers to bargain with a union if more than 50% of workers signed forms, or "cards," stating they wish to be represented by that union, rather than waiting 45 to 90 days for a federally-supervised a secret ballot election during which time employers can fire, harass and generally make life miserable for pro-union employees.

• Democracy in the U.S.

  • Business organizations will favor low corporate taxes and restrictions of the right to strike, whereas labor unions will support minimum wage legislation and protection for collective bargaining.

• Welfare State Capitalism

  • In the United States, workers formed labor unions to gain greater collective bargaining power.

• Industrial Conflict

  • Each craft union has its own administration, its own policies, its own collective bargaining agreements, and its own union halls.
  • Originating in Europe, trade unions became popular in many countries during the Industrial Revolution, when the lack of skill necessary to perform most jobs shifted employment bargaining power almost completely to the employers' side, causing many workers to be mistreated and underpaid.
  • Industrial unionism is a labor union organizing method through which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union—regardless of skill or trade—thus giving workers in one industry, or in all industries, more leverage in bargaining and in strike situations.

• Lenski's Synthesis

  • People collected enough food to satisfy all of their needs, but no more—there was no surplus of goods.
  • Those with more goods have an economic advantage relative to those with less goods because they have greater bargaining power, creating social inequality.

• Introduction

  • Collective behavior, a third form of action, takes place when norms are absent or unclear, or when they contradict each other.
  • Scholars have devoted far less attention to collective behavior than they have to either conformity or deviance.
  • These diverse actions fall within the area sociologists call collective behavior.
  • 1) collective behavior involves limited and short-lived social interaction while groups tend to remain together longer
  • 2) collective behavior has no clear social boundaries; anyone can be a member of the collective while group membership is usually more discriminating

• Defining the Sample and Collecting Data

  • Defining the sample and collecting data are key parts of all empirical research, both qualitative and quantitative.
  • Sampling and data collection are a key component of this process.
  • In both cases, it behooves the researcher to create a concrete list of goals for collecting data.
  • Natural scientists collect data by measuring and recording a sample of the thing they're studying, such as plants or soil.
  • Similarly, sociologists must collect a sample of social information, often by surveying or interviewing a group of people.

• Social Change

  • Collective behavior can result in social change through the formation of cohesive social movements.
  • These diverse actions fall within the area sociologists call collective behavior.
  • Collective behavior has no clear social boundaries; anyone can be a member of the collective, while group membership is usually more discriminating.
  • Collective behavior can actually change elements of society.
  • This is the component of collective behavior known as "social movements. "

• Use of Existing Sources

  • Studying existing sources collected by other researchers is an essential part of research in the social sciences.
  • The study of sources collected by someone other than the researcher, also known as archival research or secondary data research, is an essential part of sociology .
  • In archival research or secondary research, the focus is not on collecting new data but on studying existing texts.
  • Primary data, by contrast, are collected by the investigator conducting the research.
  • The primary reason is that secondary data analysis saves time that would otherwise be spent collecting data.

• The Nature of Groups

  • A social group is two or more humans who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity.
  • In the social sciences, a social group is two or more humans who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and have a collective sense of unity.
  • A social group exhibits some degree of social cohesion and is more than a simple collection or aggregate of individuals, such as people waiting at a bus stop or people waiting in a line.
  • One way of determining if a collection of people can be considered a group is if individuals who belong to that collection use the self-referent pronoun "we;" using "we" to refer to a collection of people often implies that the collection thinks of itself as a group.