civil war

Examples of civil war in the following topics:

• War

  • Negotiations between parties involved at the end of a war often result in a treaty, such as the Treaty of Versailles of 1919, which ended the First World War.
  • War studies by military theorists have sought to identify the philosophy of war and to reduce it to a military science.
  • The political and economic circumstances of peace following a war are highly situational—post-war political and economic realities can not be forecasted.
  • Negotiations between parties involved at the end of a war often result in treaties, such as the Treaty of Versailles of 1919, which ended the First World War.
  • Some hostilities, such as insurgency or civil war, may persist for long periods of time with a low level of military activity.

• Islam

  • The American Muslim population is a racially diverse group that has been present in the U.S. since before the Civil War.
  • Small-scale migration to the U.S. by Muslims began in 1840, with the arrival of Yemenis and Turks, and lasted until World War I.
  • However, since 9/11, the two groups joined together when the immigrant communities looked towards the African Americans for advice on civil rights.

• Population Transfer

  • According to political scientist Norman Finkelstein, population transfer was considered as an acceptable solution to the problems of ethnic conflict up until around World War II and even a little afterward in certain cases.
  • It was considered a drastic but "often necessary" means to end an ethnic conflict or ethnic civil war.
  • Population transfer differs from individually motivated migration in more than just a technical sense, though at times of war the act of fleeing from danger or famine often blurs the differences.
  • Prior to World War II, a number of major population transfers were the result of bilateral treaties with the support of international bodies such as the League of Nations.
  • The tide started to turn when the Charter of the Nuremberg Trials of German Nazi leaders declared that forced deportation of civilian populations was both a war crime and a crime against humanity.This opinion was progressively adopted and extended through the remainder of the century.

• Gender Inequality in Politics

  • The Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 was a single step in a broad and continuous effort by women to gain a greater proportion of social, civil, and moral rights for themselves; but was viewed by many as a revolutionary beginning to the struggle for women's equality.
  • Women's suffrage took a back seat to the Civil War and Reconstruction, but America's entry into World War I re-initiated a vigorous push.
  • The Nineteenth Amendment was passed the year following the Treaty of Paris, which ended World War I.
  • Mott, along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, organized the Seneca Falls Convention in 1948, effectively launching the women's civil rights movement in the United States.

• Families and Inequality

  • Likewise, slave marriages in the United States were not binding, so that many contrabands escaping slavery during the American Civil War sought official status for their marriages.
  • The participants in a marriage usually seek social recognition for their relationship, and many societies require official approval of a religious or civil body.
  • In many jurisdictions, the civil marriage ceremony may take place during the religious marriage ceremony, although they are theoretically distinct.
  • Conversely, there are people who have religious ceremonies that are not recognized by civil authorities.
  • It was a significant step towards a clear separation of church and state and advance toward a secular society when German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck introduced the Zivilehe (civil marriage) in 1875.

• State Formation

  • ., Aztec civilization, Inca civilization).
  • Wittfogel argued that most of the earliest states were formed in hydraulic civilizations, by which he meant civilizations where leaders controlled people by controlling the water supply.
  • According to Tilly's theory, military innovation in pre-modern Europe (especially gunpowder and mass armies) made war extremely expensive.
  • Thus, the modern states and its institutions (such as taxes) were created to enable war making.
  • In hydraulic civilizations, control over water concentrated power in central despotic states.

• Culture Wars

  • In American usage, "culture war" refers to the claim that there is a conflict between those conservative and liberal values.
  • A culture war is a struggle between two sets of conflicting cultural values.
  • They often accused their political opponents of undermining tradition, Western civilization and family values.
  • Some suggest that the red state/blue state divide maps the battle lines in the culture wars.
  • Support the notion of a culture war by giving an example from your own contemporary society

• Countercultures

  • Counterculture youth rejected the cultural standards of their parents, especially with respect to racial segregation and initial widespread support for the Vietnam War.
  • As the 1960s progressed, widespread tensions developed in American society that tended to flow along generational lines regarding the war in Vietnam, race relations, sexual mores, women's rights, traditional modes of authority, and a materialistic interpretation of the American Dream.
  • The counterculture collapsed circa 1973, and many have attributed its collapse to two major reasons: First, the most popular of its political goals — civil rights, civil liberties, gender equality, environmentalism, and the end of the Vietnam War — were accomplished.

• Segregation

  • Though such laws were instituted shortly after the war ended, in many cases they were not formalized until the end of Republican-enforced Reconstruction in the 1870s and 80s.
  • As an official practice, institutionalized racial segregation ended in large part due to the work of civil rights activists (Clarence M.
  • Mitchell, Jr., Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr., among others) primarily during the period from the end of World War II through the passage of the Voting Rights Act and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as supported by President Lyndon B.
  • Their efforts focused on acts of non-violent civil disobedience aimed at disrupting the enforcement of racial segregation rules and laws.
  • The civil rights movement gained the public's support, and formal racial discrimination and segregation became illegal in schools, businesses, the military, and other civil and government services.

• Courts

  • The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals, held by the victorious allied forces of World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazi Germany.
  • A plaintiff is the term used in some jurisdictions for the party who initiates a civil lawsuit before a court.
  • A defendant is any party required to answer a plaintiff's complaint in a civil lawsuit, or any party that has been formally charged or accused of violating a criminal statute.
  • A legal remedy is the means with which a court of law (usually in the exercise of civil law jurisdiction) enforces a right, imposes a penalty, or makes some other court order to impose its will.
  • For example, the Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals, held by the victorious allied forces of World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazi Germany.