Examples of civil law in the following topics:
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- Criminal law, as opposed to civil law, is the body of law that relates to crime and that defines conduct that is not allowed.
- Criminal law, as opposed to civil law, is the body of law that relates to crime.
- It could be defined as the body of rules that defines conduct that is not allowed because it is held to threaten, harm or endanger the safety and welfare of people, and that sets out the punishment to be imposed on people who do not obey these laws.
- Criminal law is distinctive for the uniquely serious potential consequences, or sanctions, for failure to abide by its rules.
- In criminal law, an offense against the person usually refers to a crime which is committed by direct physical harm or force being applied to another person.
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- Formal means of social control are generally state-determined, through the creation of laws and their enforcement.
- Formal means of social control are the means of social control exercised by the government and other organizations who use law enforcement mechanisms and sanctions such as fines and imprisonment to enact social control.
- The mechanisms utilized by the state as means of formal social control span the gamut from the death penalty to curfew laws.
- From a legal perspective, sanctions are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law, or rules and regulations.
- Within the civil law context, sanctions are usually monetary fines.
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- A court is a form of tribunal, often a governmental institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties, and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.
- In both common law and civil law legal systems, courts are the central means for dispute resolution, and it is generally understood that all persons have an ability to bring their claims before a court.
- The system of courts that interpret and apply the law are collectively known as the judiciary.
- A plaintiff is the term used in some jurisdictions for the party who initiates a civil lawsuit before a court.
- A legal remedy is the means with which a court of law (usually in the exercise of civil law jurisdiction) enforces a right, imposes a penalty, or makes some other court order to impose its will.
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- Crime is the breach of rules or laws for which some governing authority can ultimately prescribe a conviction.
- Crime is the breach of rules or laws for which some governing authority can ultimately prescribe a conviction.
- While every crime violates the law, not every violation of the law counts as a crime; for example, breaches of contract and of other civil law may rank as "offenses" or as "infractions. " Modern societies generally regard crimes as offenses against the public or the state, as distinguished from torts, which are wrongs against private parties that can give rise to a civil cause of action.
- This approach considers the complex realities surrounding the concept of crime and seeks to understand how changing social, political, psychological, and economic conditions may affect changing definitions of crime and the form of the legal, law-enforcement, and penal responses made by society.
- All such adjustments to crime statistics, together with the experience of people in their everyday lives, shape attitudes on the extent to which the state should use law or social engineering to enforce or encourage any particular social norm.
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- The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder.
- The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder.
- Police forces are often defined as being separate from military or other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors; however, gendarmerie and military police are military units charged with civil policing.
- Specialized units exist within many law enforcement organizations for dealing with particular types of crime, such as traffic law enforcement and crash investigation, homicide, or fraud.
- Police power can be exercised in the form of making laws and compelling obedience to those laws through legal sanctions, physical means, or other forms of coercion and inducements.
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- First and foremost on the gay rights platform was the need to overturn laws that made homosexuality illegal.
- Throughout the 1970s, activists in many states succeeded in having state legislatures overturn laws banning homosexuality.
- Other states have passed laws allowing for same-sex civil unions.
- Civil unions provide the legal benefits of marriage to same-sex couples, but not the title of marriage.
- Challenges to bans on same-sex marriage contend that laws prohibiting same-sex marriage are discriminatory.
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- Not until 1967 were laws outlawing interracial marriage abolished in the United States.
- These laws were referred to as miscegenation laws (miscegenation means "mixing races").
- Bazile, told the Lovings during their trial for miscegenation that, 'if God had meant for whites and blacks to mix, he would have not placed them on different continents. ' He also seemed to take pride in telling the Lovings, "as long as you live you will be known as a felon. " The Lovings eventually contacted the American Civil Liberties Union, who took their case to the Supreme Court in 1967, resulting in Loving v.
- Virginia, which abolished miscegenation laws in the U.S.
- Still as late as 2002, close to 10% of people in the U.S. favored a law prohibiting interracial marriage.
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- After the Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery in America, racial discrimination became regulated by the so-called Jim Crow laws—strict mandates on segregation of the races.
- Though such laws were instituted shortly after the war ended, in many cases they were not formalized until the end of Republican-enforced Reconstruction in the 1870s and 80s.
- As an official practice, institutionalized racial segregation ended in large part due to the work of civil rights activists (Clarence M.
- Their efforts focused on acts of non-violent civil disobedience aimed at disrupting the enforcement of racial segregation rules and laws.
- The civil rights movement gained the public's support, and formal racial discrimination and segregation became illegal in schools, businesses, the military, and other civil and government services.
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- A bureaucracy is an organization of non-elected officials who implements the rules, laws, and functions of their institution.
- The competition is "aimed at identifying innovative suggestions for reducing unnecessary bureaucracy stemming from European law".
- Public administration houses the implementation of government policy and an academic discipline that studies this implementation and that prepares civil servants for this work.
- In the US, civil servants and academics such as Woodrow Wilson promoted American civil service reform in the 1880s, moving public administration into academia.
- The competition is "aimed at identifying innovative suggestions for reducing unnecessary bureaucracy stemming from European law".
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- The rule of law is a legal maxim whereby governmental decisions are made by applying known legal principles.
- The rule of law is rule not by one person, as in an absolute monarchy, but by laws, as in a democratic republic; no one person can rule and even top government officials are under and ruled by the law.
- In classical thought, the state was identified with political society and civil society as a form of political community.
- In contrast, modern thought distinguishes the nation state as a political society from civil society as a form of economic society.
- Civil society is the arena outside of the family, the state, and the market where people associate to advance common interests.