authority figures

Examples of authority figures in the following topics:

• The Milgram Experiment: The Power of Authority

  • The Milgram experiment found that most people are willing to obey authority figures over their personal objections.
  • However, Milgram's experiments relate to any question of obedience and authority.
  • Any time one questions an authority figures demands but decides to follow the request despite one's hesitations, one exemplifies Milgram's study.
  • The Milgram experiment—based on obedience to authority figures—was a series of notable social psychology experiments conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram in the 1960s.
  • It measured the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts that conflicted with their personal conscience.

• Organized Crime

  • Focusing more on how the operations works, succeeds, sustains itself or avoids retribution, they are generally typified by: a complex authority structure; an extensive division of labor between classes and the organization; responsibilities carried out in an impersonal manner; and top-down communication and rule enforcement mechanisms.
  • A distinctive gang culture underpins many, but not all, organized groups; this may develop through recruiting strategies, social learning processes in the corrective system experienced by youth, family, or peer involvement in crime, and the coercive actions of criminal authority figures.

• The Origins of Patriarchy

  • As such, rather than working to destablize the historical notion of patriarchy, much literature assess the origins of patriarchy, or a social system in which the male gender role acts as the primary authority figure central to social organization, and where fathers hold authority over women, children, and property.
  • In a patriarchal family, the male acts as the primary authority figure.

• Authority and Legitimate Violence

  • Opponents of gun control point out that this increases a state's authority while diminishing the possibility for armed resistance by private individuals.
  • According to Weber, the state is that entity that "upholds the claim to the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force in the enforcement of its order. " The state's authority is derived from this: the state can enforce its precepts through force without losing its legitimate authority.
  • This definition of the state has figured prominently in philosophy of law and in political philosophy throughout the twentieth century.
  • Territory is necessary because it defines the scope of the state's authority: use of force is acceptable, but only in the jurisdiction specified by the state's lands.

• Brokerage

  • These authors though, took a quite different approach; they focus on the roles that ego plays in connecting groups.
  • In figure 9.11, ego B is acting as a gatekeeper.
  • Lastly, in figure 9.13, ego B is brokering a relation between two groups, and is not part of either.
  • Figure 9.14 shows the attribute (or partition) as we created it using the UCINET spreadsheet editor.
  • Figure 9.17 shows these results for the first two nodes.

• Authority

  • Without authority, Britain's power had to be backed by force.
  • Legitimacy is vital to the notion of authority; legitimacy is the main means by which authority is distinguished from more general notions of power.
  • The first type discussed by Weber is rational-legal authority.
  • The second type of authority is traditional authority, which derives from long-established customs, habits, and social structures.
  • The third form of authority is charismatic authority.

• Rational-Legal Authority

  • Rational-legal authority is a form of leadership in which authority is largely tied to legal rationality, legal legitimacy, and bureaucracy.
  • Different forms of authority transfer power in different ways.
  • In traditional authority, power is usually passed on through a family line.
  • Unlike charismatic authority and traditional authority, rational-legal authority derives its powers from the system of bureaucracy and legality.
  • The prerequisites for the modern Western state are the monopoly by a central authority of the means of administration and control; the monopoly of legislative authority; and the organization of officialdom, dependent upon the central authority.

• Population Transfer

  • Population transfer is the movement of a large group of people from one region to another by state policy or international authority.
  • Population transfer is the movement of a large group of people from one region to another by state policy or international authority, most frequently on the basis of ethnicity or religion.
  • Figure showing the movement of refugees following the decision by colonial Britain to partition India based on religious demographics.

• Traditional Authority

  • Traditional authority refers to a form of leadership in which authority derives from tradition or custom.
  • For example, historically, kings derived their authority from tradition.
  • Traditional authority is a type of leadership in which the authority of a ruling regime is largely tied to tradition or custom.
  • In sociology, the concept of traditional authority comes from Max Weber's tripartite classification of authority.
  • In addition to traditional authority, Weber claimed that the other two styles of authority were charismatic authority and rational-legal authority.

• Power, Authority, and Violence

  • The first type discussed by Weber is Rational-legal authority.
  • Modern societies depend on legal-rational authority.
  • The second type of authority is Traditional authority, which derives from long-established customs, habits and social structures.
  • The third form of authority is Charismatic authority.
  • Charismatic authority is that authority which is derived from a gift of grace, the power of one's personality, or when the leader claims that his authority is derived from a "higher power" (e.g.