reuptake

Examples of reuptake in the following topics:

• Stimulants

  • Amphetamines (such as ephedrine and methamphetamine) are a group of stimulants that increase the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain through reuptake inhibition—meaning they block these neurotransmitters from being reabsorbed back into the neural networks.
  • The increase in seratonin is caused because the MDMA prevents seratonin from entering the reuptake site, causing a continued flow, and eventually excess seratonin.
  • Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs) (such as the antidepressant Wellbutrin) inhibit the uptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, effectively increasing their amounts in the brain and causing a stimulating effect.

• Neurotransmitters

  • Amino acid neurotransmitters are eliminated from the synapse by reuptake.
  • This illustration shows the process of reuptake, in which  leftover neurotransmitters are returned to vesicles in the presynaptic cell.

• Stages of the Action Potential

  • Reuptake refers to the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a presynaptic (sending) neuron after it has performed its function of transmitting a neural impulse.
  • Reuptake is necessary for normal synaptic physiology because it allows for the recycling of neurotransmitters and regulates the neurotransmitter level in the synapse, thereby controlling how long a signal resulting from neurotransmitter release lasts.

• Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

  • Prescribed medications include several classes of antidepressants: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder

  • Pharmaceutical treatments for GAD include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are more commonly used as antidepressants.
  • SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) are a type of drug frequently used to treat disorders with symptoms of depression (e.g., major depressive disorder) and anxiety.

• Evaluating the Biological Perspective on Personality

  • For example, by identifying the cause of depression as a seratonin imbalance, selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors were found to be an effective treatment for this disorder.

• Pharmacotherapy (Medication)

  • Antidepressants come in several forms: tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, such as Prozac and Praxil), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
  • Most antidepressants increase the available amount of norepinephrine or serotonin (or sometimes both) at the neuronal synapse, by decreasing the reuptake of these neurotransmitters into the pre-synaptic cell.

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

  • The serotonin receptors of OCD sufferers may be under-stimulated, which is consistent with the observation that many OCD patients benefit from the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a class of medications that allows more serotonin to be readily available.

• Explaining Mood Disorders

  • SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) have shown to improve depressed mood and are often used as medical treatment.

• Genetics, the Brain, and Personality

  • For example, identifying seratonin imbalance as a cause of depression led to the development of selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which have been found to be an effective treatment for depression.