Examples of positive symptom in the following topics:
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- The signs and symptoms of schizophrenia are usually divided into two categories: positive and negative.
- Both positive and negative symptoms are further characterized as motor, behavioral, and mood disturbances.
- Positive symptoms are disorders of commission, meaning they are something that individuals do or think.
- Positive symptoms can also be described as behavior that indicates a loss of contact with the external reality experienced by non-psychotic individuals.
- Positive symptoms tend to be the easiest to recognize.
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- It is characterized by a wide variety of symptoms that include both positive symptoms (such as hallucinations and delusions) and negative symptoms (such as lack of emotion or motor control).
- Additional research has identified two dopamine pathways in particular that are associated with the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
- The dopamine hypothesis has helped progress the development of antipsychotics, which are drugs that stabilize positive symptoms by blocking dopamine receptors.
- Increased levels of seratonin are associated with positive symptoms.
- Glutamate has been theorized to exacerbate hyperactivity and hypoactivity in dopamine pathways, affecting both positive and negative symptoms.
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- These symptoms must last for more than 1 month and result in clinically significant distress or impairment in multiple domains of life, such as relationships, work, or other daily functioning.
- A variety of medications have shown adjunctive benefit in reducing PTSD symptoms; however, there is no clear drug treatment for PTSD.
- Positive symptoms (those that most individuals do not normally experience but are present in people with PTSD, such as re-experiencing or increased arousal) generally respond better to medication than negative symptoms (deficits of normal emotional responses or thought processes, such as avoidance or withdrawal).
- Six clusters of symptoms have been suggested for diagnosis of C-PTSD: (1) alterations in regulation of affect and impulses; (2) alterations in attention or consciousness; (3) alterations in self-perception; (4) alterations in relations with others; (5) somatization, and (6) alterations in systems of meaning.
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- Somatic symptom disorders involve physical symptoms but lack physical evidence of illness or injury.
- Symptoms of somatic symptom disorders are sometimes similar to those of other illnesses and may last for years.
- Symptoms may occur across cultures and gender.
- Somatic symptom disorders are not the result of conscious malingering (fabricating or exaggerating symptoms for secondary motives) or factitious disorders (deliberately producing, feigning, or exaggerating symptoms)–sufferers perceive their plight as real.
- Somatic symptom disorder is a controversial diagnosis.
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- Stress produces numerous symptoms, which vary according to person, situation, and severity.
- Research has found that maintaining good health has a positive influence on reducing and coping with stress.
- Positive stress plays a role in motivation, adaptation, and reaction to the environment.
- Most of these strategies are simple ones that promote personal responsibility and a positive life outlook.
- The small goals may be related to engaging in healthy behaviors or positive outlook.
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- They detect joint position and movement, and the direction and velocity of the movement.
- Somatic system disorders present symptoms of physical pain or illness that cannot be explained by a medical condition, injury, or substance.
- Conversion disorder: A somatic symptom disorder involving an actual loss of bodily function such as blindness, paralysis, or numbness due to excessive anxiety.
- Illness anxiety disorder: A somatic symptom disorder involving persistent and excessive worry about developing a serious illness.
- Undifferentiated somatic symptom disorder – only one unexplained symptom is required for at least 6 months.
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- Behaviorism and behavioral therapy developed in the 1920s, relying on principles of operant conditioning, classical conditioning, and social-learning theory to bring about therapeutic change in observable symptoms.
- Depending on the individual and the types of symptoms they are experiencing, a particular method of psychotherapy may be employed.
- This form is explicitly concerned with the human context of the development of the individual with an emphasis on subjective meaning, a rejection of determinism, and a concern for positive growth rather than pathology.
- It posits an inherent human capacity to maximize potential.
- For instance, eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) alleviates symptoms for individuals who have experienced severe trauma.
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- Optimism, or a positive outlook, is associated with higher levels of hope and an increased sense of peace and well-being.
- People who display this sort of dispositional optimism have many traits and characteristics in common, most of which build on their positive world view.
- They believe the exact opposite in regards to positive experiences, such that these are a result of the self (internal), expected to be repeated (stable), and broadly applicable to life (global).
- They are also more likely to embrace and build upon positive circumstances and situations, as these are believed to continue.
- They have less serious physical symptoms and less occurrence of negative affect.
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- Prevalence rates have been estimated at 2-5% in adults, though the condition typically manifests in childhood with symptoms worsening in advanced age.
- The current DSM lists hoarding disorder as both a mental disability and a possible symptom for OCD.
- The symptoms must interfere with some aspect of the person's social, occupational, or daily life.
- A study in 2010 showed that adults who hoard report a greater lifetime incidence of having possessions taken by force, forced sexual activity as either an adult or a child, and being physically handled roughly during childhood, thus indicating a positive correlation between traumatic events and compulsive hoarding.
- With existing drug therapy, OCD symptoms can be controlled but not cured.
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- In the recent revisions to the DSM-5 (2013), however, RAD was narrowed to encompass only the symptoms of the inhibited form, and a new diagnosis of disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) was created to encompass the symptoms previously known as RAD-disinhibited type.
- exhibit some kind of emotional or social disturbance (for example, limited responsiveness, lack of positive affect, inexplicable instances of irritability or sadness, etc.); and
- In discussing the neurobiological basis for attachment and trauma symptoms in a seven-year twin study, it has been suggested that the roots of various forms of psychopathology—including RAD, borderline personality disorder (BPD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)—can be found in disturbances in affect regulation (i.e., the ability to regulate one's emotions).