Examples of positive correlation in the following topics:
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- The strength, or degree, of a correlation ranges from -1 to +1 and therefore will be positive, negative, or zero.
- Direction refers to whether the correlation is positive or negative.
- In contrast, two correlations of .05 and .98 have the same direction (positive) but are very different in their strength.
- A positive correlation, such as .8, would mean that both variables increase together.
- Another popular example is that there is a strong positive correlation between ice cream sales and murder rates in the summer.
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- Stress can be either positive (eustress) or negative (distress).
- Eustress, or positive stress, on the other hand, is the positive emotional or cognitive response to stress that is healthy; it gives a feeling of fulfillment or happiness.
- Eustress has a positive correlation with life satisfaction and hope because it fosters challenge and motivation toward a goal.
- Psychological methods include cognitive therapy, meditation, and positive thinking, which work by reducing the response to stress.
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- However, it is important to note that correlational studies only show a relationship between two factors: they give no indication about causation.
- Again, even if intelligence scores correlate with job success, this does not mean that people with high intelligence will always be successful at work.
- Researchers examined the correlation between the SAT exam and two other tests of intelligence and found a strong relationship between the results.
- However, correlational studies provide information about a relationship, not about causation.
- A 2005 study stated that IQ tests may contain cultural influences that reduce their validity as a measure of cognitive ability for Mexican-American students, indicating a weaker positive correlation relative to sampled white American students.
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- At times it has been theorized that brain size correlated positively with intelligence; it has also been suggested that surface area of cortex (basically, "wrinkliness" of the brain) rather than brain size that correlates most directly with intelligence.
- Current research suggests that both of these may be at least partially true, but the degree to which they correlate is not clear.
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- Research has shown that alcohol dependence correlates with depression.
- Correlation does not necessarily prove causation.
- As an example of a correlational study, research has shown that alcohol dependence correlates with depression.
- But when the three are unequal, the distribution can become positively or negatively skewed.
- If the mean is greater than the median, and the median is greater than the mode, the distribution will be positively skewed.
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- An attitude can be thought of as a positive or negative evaluation of people, objects, event, or ideas.
- Research shows that optimism correlates with physical health, including a lower likelihood of cardiovascular disease, stroke, depression, and cancer.
- It also correlates with emotional health, as optimists are more hopeful, have an increased sense of peace and well-being, and embrace change.
- They are also more likely to embrace and build upon positive circumstances and situations, as these are expected to continue.
- Although causality cannot always be determined, poor quality of life is often correlated with poor health, and high quality of life is often correlated with better health.
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- Optimism, or a positive outlook, is associated with higher levels of hope and an increased sense of peace and well-being.
- People who display this sort of dispositional optimism have many traits and characteristics in common, most of which build on their positive world view.
- They are also more likely to embrace and build upon positive circumstances and situations, as these are believed to continue.
- Researchers and scientists agree that optimism is highly correlated with psychological well-being, successful coping styles, and constructive problem-solving skills.
- Identify traits correlated with an optimistic outlook that lead to an increased sense of well-being.
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- Today, developmental psychologists rarely take such polarized positions (either/or) with regard to most aspects of development; instead, they investigate the relationship between innate and environmental influences (both/and).
- Trait A shows a high sibling correlation but little heritability (illustrating the importance of environment).
- Trait B shows a high heritability, since the correlation of the trait rises sharply with the degree of genetic similarity.
- Trait C shows low heritability as well as low correlation generally, suggesting that the degree to which individuals display trait C has little to do with either genes or predictable environmental factors.
- Typically, monozygotic twins will have a high correlation of sibling traits, while biological siblings will have less in common, and adoptive siblings will have less than that.
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- To find the best fit, managers create a list of relevant criteria composed of critical skills, behaviors, and attitudes for each position.
- Industrial and organizational (I–O) psychologists use a variety of measures to select applicants who are the best fit for a position.
- As an example, let's look at a job interview for a position as a banker.
- This can be evaluated by examining correlations with other measures that purport to assess the same construct.
- Criterion validity examines how well the construct correlates with one's behavior in the real world across multiple situations and manifestations.
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- ., is recalled less easily or is even forgotten) more quickly than emotion associated with positive memories.
- When you experience illusory correlation, you inaccurately assume a relationship between two events related purely by coincidence.
- This type of bias comes from the human tendency to see cause-and-effect relationships when there are none; remember, correlation does not imply causation.