Examples of negative symptom in the following topics:
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- The signs and symptoms of schizophrenia are usually divided into two categories: positive and negative.
- Both positive and negative symptoms are further characterized as motor, behavioral, and mood disturbances.
- Negative symptoms are disorders of omission, meaning they are things that the individual does not do.
- In some cases, negative symptoms can be misinterpreted as depression or laziness.
- People with schizophrenia can exhibit too little (negative) or too much (positive) movement.
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- It is characterized by a wide variety of symptoms that include both positive symptoms (such as hallucinations and delusions) and negative symptoms (such as lack of emotion or motor control).
- Additional research has identified two dopamine pathways in particular that are associated with the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
- Excess activity in the mesolimbic pathway and lack of activity in the mesocortical pathway are thought to be responsible for positive and negative symptoms, respectively.
- Increased levels of seratonin are associated with positive symptoms.
- Glutamate has been theorized to exacerbate hyperactivity and hypoactivity in dopamine pathways, affecting both positive and negative symptoms.
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- In order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the DSM-5, a person must exhibit both a psychotic episode and two additional symptoms for most of one month, and their symptoms must have a significant impact on social or occupational functioning for at least six months.
- The "two additional symptoms" can be delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or a negative symptom or severely disorganized or catatonic behavior.
- If delusions or hallucinations or severe, only one symptom may be sufficient for diagnosis.
- The bipolar subtype is distinguished by symptoms of mania, hypomania, or mixed episodes; the depressive subtype is distinguished by symptoms of depression only.
- Common symptoms of schizoaffective disorder include hallucinations, paranoid delusions, and disorganized speech and thinking.
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- Somatic symptom disorders involve physical symptoms but lack physical evidence of illness or injury.
- Symptoms of somatic symptom disorders are sometimes similar to those of other illnesses and may last for years.
- Symptoms may occur across cultures and gender.
- Some psychiatrists argue it is problematic because it is based primarily on negative criteria—that is, on an absence of other explanations.
- Cognitive theories explain the disorder as arising from negative, distorted, and catastrophic thoughts and reinforcement of these thoughts.
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- For instance,
chronic drug abuse can negatively impact memory functioning, impulse control, and reaction time; it can also increase the risk for heart disease, cancer, liver failure, etc.
- Withdrawal symptoms are equally dangerous: these are the uncomfortable and sometimes fatal physical symptoms that occur when the drug is absent from the body.
- Substance
abuse can have a notable adverse effect on mood, increase the risk of mental
illness, and exacerbate preexisting symptoms.
- Even worse is that the negative psychological side effects of substance use put abusers at a increased risk of suicide.
- Some substances can induce mood, anxiety, or psychotic symptoms, and these symptoms may persist even after the effects of the drug have subsided.
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- Approximately 30%–50% of children diagnosed with ADHD continue to experience symptoms as adolescents and adults.
- Hyperactivity symptoms tend to go away with age and turn into "inner restlessness" in teens and adults with ADHD.
- While there is no known cure for ADHD, there are several treatment approaches that help to manage its symptoms.
- While treatment may improve long-term outcomes, it does not entirely eliminate negative outcomes.
- Medications are only recommended as a first-line treatment in children who have severe symptoms and may be considered for those with moderate symptoms who fail to improve with counseling.
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- People with depressive illnesses do not all experience the same symptoms, and the severity, frequency, and duration of symptoms vary.
- Common symptoms include the following:
- Various aspects of personality and its development appear to be integral to the occurrence and persistence of depression, with negative emotionality as a common precursor.
- Evidence-based treatments include medication to manage mood symptoms, behavior therapy to manage temper outbursts, and family therapy to address symptoms of depression.
- On average, the symptoms last six days, with the most intense symptoms happening between the two days before and the day of the start of menstrual blood flow.
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- While everyone experiences negative mood at some point in their lives, mood disorders affect an individual's capacity to function in daily life.
- Dysthymia and major depression naturally have many symptoms in common, including depressed mood, disturbed sleep, low energy, and poor concentration.
- A diagnosis of depression includes two symptoms not found in the standard definition of dysthymia: anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure) and psychomotor symptoms (chiefly lethargy or agitation).
- Cyclothymia is characterized by numerous extreme mood disturbances, with periods of hypomanic symptoms alternating with periods of mild or dysthymia.
- An individual with cyclothymia may feel stable at a baseline level, but experience noticeable shifts to emotional high durings hypomanic episodes (with symptoms similar to those of mania but less severe) and emotional lows (involving depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode).
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- Social anxiety disorder is marked by intense fear and avoidance of social situations in which one might be negatively judged.
- Physical symptoms often accompanying social anxiety disorder include excessive blushing, excessive sweating, trembling, palpitations, and nausea.
- Although these behaviors are intended to prevent the person with social anxiety disorder from doing something awkward that might draw criticism, these actions often exacerbate the problem because they do not allow the individual to disconfirm their negative beliefs, often eliciting rejection and other negative reactions from others (Alden & Bieling, 1998).
- Symptoms must last at least six months in order for a diagnosis to occur, and the symptoms must not be better accounted for by the effects of substance use, a medical condition, or another mental illness.
- Worry and fear of social situations in which one may be negatively judged is a defining feature of social anxiety disorder.
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- Persistent re-experiencing - One or more of these must be present in the victim: flashback memories, recurring distressing dreams, subjective re-experiencing of the traumatic event(s), or intense negative psychological or physiological response to any objective or subjective reminder of the traumatic event(s).
- Additional symptoms include irritability, angry outbursts, increased startle response, and concentration or sleep problems.
- Duration - The symptoms last for a period of at least one month.
- While a variety of medications have shown to be beneficial in reducing PTSD symptoms, there is no clear drug treatment for PTSD.
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) seeks to change the way a trauma victim feels and acts by changing the patterns of thinking or behavior, or both, responsible for negative emotions.