Examples of gene-environment correlation in the following topics:
-
- Gene-environment correlations, known as rGE, can be explained in 3 particular ways—passive, evocative, or active.
- In passive gene-environment correlation, an association exists between a person's genetic makeup and the environment in which he or she is raised.
- Evocative gene-environment correlation happens when an individual's (heritable) behavior evokes an environmental response.
- In active gene-environment correlation, the person's genetic makeup may lead them to select particular environments.
- Adoption and twin studies can help make sense of the influence of genes and the environment.
-
- Beyond our basic genotype, however, there is a deep interaction between our genes and our environment: our unique experiences in our environment influence whether and how particular traits are expressed, and at the same time, our genes influence how we interact with our environment (Diamond, 2009; Lobo, 2008).
- Environmental inputs can affect the expression of genes, a relationship called gene-environment interaction.
- Genes and the environment work together, communicating back and forth to create traits.
- Trait A shows a high sibling correlation but little heritability (illustrating the importance of environment).
- Evaluate the reciprocal impacts between genes and the environment and the nature vs. nurture debate
-
- These findings suggest that heredity and environment interact to determine an individual's personality.
- It's important to point out that traits are determined not by a single gene, but by a combination of many genes, and also by environmental factors that control whether certain genes are expressed.
- How DNA interacts with the environment determines what part of the DNA code is actually activated within an individual—in other words, which genes will be expressed.
- In addition, the correlational studies used for measuring normal personality traits are subjected to the same rules as normal correlational research: they cannot be used alone to establish causation.
- The expression of inherited genes plays a role in determining personality.
-
- The natural genetic make-up of the body interacts with environment from the moment of conception.
- This is thought to occur through human interaction with external circumstances, whereby people with different genes seek out different environments.
- As mentioned, under normal circumstances intelligence involves multiple genes.
- However, certain single-gene genetic disorders can severely affect intelligence.
- While experts believe the genetic cause for Down syndrome is a lack of genes in the 21st chromosome, the gene(s) responsible for the cognitive symptoms have yet to be discovered.
-
- The biopsychosocial model views health and illness as the product of a combination of biological factors (such as genes), psychological factors (such as behavior, lifestyle, stress, and health beliefs), and social conditions (such as cultural influences, family relationships, and social support).
- "Quality of life" refers to the general well-being of individuals and societies, including not only wealth and employment (which are often referred to as "standard of living"), but also the built environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, and social belonging.
- Research shows that optimism correlates with physical health, including a lower likelihood of cardiovascular disease, stroke, depression, and cancer.
- It also correlates with emotional health, as optimists are more hopeful, have an increased sense of peace and well-being, and embrace change.
- Although causality cannot always be determined, poor quality of life is often correlated with poor health, and high quality of life is often correlated with better health.
-
- The influence of genes on behavior has been well established in the scientific community.
- While genes do not determine behavior, they play a huge role in what we do and why we do it.
- For example, although environment has an effect on the walking behavior of infants and toddlers, children are unable to walk at all before an age that is predetermined by their genome.
- Classical, or Mendelian, genetics examines how genes are passed from one generation to the next, as well as how the presence or absence of a gene can be determined via sexual reproduction.
- Genes can be manipulated by selective breeding, which can have an enormous impact on behavior.
-
- Prenatal development is highly influenced by the inheritance, expression, and regulation of genes.
- Genes can either be dominant or recessive, meaning they can either be expressed or hidden.
- Gene regulation is the process by which cells differentiate.
- The exact extent to which genes, as opposed to an individual's environment, determine or influence psychological development is hotly debated; this controversy is known as the "nature-vs.
- Before birth, a fetus has of course had limited opportunity to be shaped by its environment, beyond factors such as the mother's diet, substance use, and anxiety level.
-
- Often a researcher will begin with a non-experimental approach, such as a descriptive study, to gather more information about the topic before designing an experiment or correlational study to address a specific hypothesis.
- Descriptive research is distinct from correlational research, in which psychologists formally test whether a relationship exists between two or more variables.
- Experimental research goes a step further beyond descriptive and correlational research and randomly assigns people to different conditions, using hypothesis testing to make inferences about how these conditions affect behavior.
- Correlational and experimental research both typically use hypothesis testing, whereas descriptive research does not.
- It has the advantage of studying individuals in their natural environment without the influence of the artificial aspects of an experiment.
-
- Although environment also plays an important role, genetics influence human intelligence and our capacity to learn in many ways.
- Whether cognition and learning abilities are largely innate (a result of genetics, biology, or "nature") or influenced by our environment ("nurture") is a continuous debate.
- Recent research shows that under normal circumstances, intelligence involves multiple genes; however certain single-gene genetic disorders can severely affect intelligence.
- The occurrence of neurobehavioral disorders is influenced by both genetic and non-genetic factors, and the genes directly associated with these disorders are often unknown.
- While experts believe the genetic cause for the syndrome is a lack of genes in the 21st chromosome, the gene(s) responsible for the cognitive symptoms have yet to be discovered.
-
- While genetics, environment, neurobiology, and psychosocial stress contribute to schizophrenia, the exact cause of the disease is unknown.
- While many factors have been associated with developing schizophrenia—including genetics, early environment, neurobiology, and psychological and social processes—the exact cause of the disease is unknown.
- Scientists have discovered specific genes (such as VIPR2) and genetic mutations (including copy number variation, or CNV) that are directly related to the disease.
- However, the correlation between socioeconomic status and schizophrenia could also be explained by the "downward drift" theory.