Examples of conduct disorder in the following topics:
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- Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders are characterized by disturbances in behavioral and emotional self-regulation.
- In 2013, the 5th revision to the DSM (DSM-5) added a chapter on disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders.
- It brings together several disorders that were previously included in other chapters (such as oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania, and kleptomania) into one single category.
- Almost all adolescents who have a substance use disorder have conduct disorder-like traits; therefore it is important to exclude a substance-induced cause before diagnosing CD.
- Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders are often seen in childhood, and involve a range of anti-social symptoms.
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- Cluster B disorders include antisocial personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder.
- The individual must be at least 18 years old; there must be evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15; and the occurrence of antisocial behavior must not exclusively be during the course of schizophrenia or a bipolar manic episode.
- The hippocampus tends to be smaller in those who suffer from this disorder, as it is in people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
- Another theory suggests that histrionic personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder could have a possible relationship to one another.
- Features of conduct disorder (CD) are necessary for a diagnosis of ASPD.
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- Other obsessive-compulsive disorders include body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, and excoriation disorder.
- Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders are a group of overlapping disorders that generally involve intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors.
- Included in this category are body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, and excoriation disorder.
- Hoarding appears to be more common in people with psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
- In several MRI studies that have been conducted, it has been found that people with trichotillomania have more gray matter (the regions of the brain involved in muscle control and sensory perception) in their brains than those who do not suffer from the disorder.
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- CBT is one of the most widely researched and most effective treatments for depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and substance abuse disorders.
- Pivotal to this merging was the successful development of treatments for panic disorder by David M.
- In adults, CBT has been shown to have effectiveness and a role in the treatment plans for anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, chronic low back pain, personality disorders, psychosis, substance use disorders, and in the adjustment, depression, and anxiety associated with fibromyalgia and post-spinal-cord injuries.
- In children and adolescents, CBT is an effective part of treatment plans for anxiety disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, depression and suicidality, eating disorders and obesity, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as tic disorders, trichotillomania, and other repetitive-behavior disorders.
- The research conducted for CBT has been a topic of sustained controversy.
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- Axis II: Personality disorders and/or developmental disorders (such as intellectual disabilities, formerly called mental retardation).
- Notable changes include the change from autism and Asperger syndrome to a combined autism spectrum disorder; dropping the subtype classifications for variant forms of schizophrenia; dropping the "bereavement exclusion" for depressive disorders; a revised treatment and naming of gender-identity disorder to gender dysphoria; and changes to the criterion for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
- Although DSM-5 is longer than DSM-IV, the volume includes only 237 disorders, a decrease from the 297 disorders that were listed in DSM-IV.
- Researchers use the DSM diagnoses to conduct studies and trials on patients, and this research determines which treatment approaches provide the most effective results.
- Evaluate the pros and cons of the DSM system of classifying mental disorders
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- Substance use disorder combines the previous DSM-IV-TR categories of "substance abuse" and "substance dependence" into a single disorder, measured on a diagnostic continuum from mild to severe.
- On average, general medical facilities hold 20% of patients with substance-related disorders, which could possibly lead to psychiatric disorders later on.
- Over 50% of individuals with substance-related disorders will often have a dual diagnosis, where they are simultaneously diagnosed with another psychiatric diagnosis, the most common being major depression, dysthymia, personality disorders, and anxiety disorders.
- Severity of the substance use disorders is based on the number of criteria endorsed, where 2-3 endorsements indicate a mild disorder, 4-5 indicate a moderate disorder, and 6 or more indicate severe substance use disorder.
- According to a study conducted by Alec Roy, formerly at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, norepinephrine is secreted under stress, arousal, or thrill, so pathological gamblers gamble to make up for their under-dosage.
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- Cluster A disorders include paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder.
- Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a mental disorder characterized by paranoia and a pervasive, long-standing suspicion and general mistrust of others.
- These symptoms must not be attributable to an autism spectrum disorder or to schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder.
- Socialization groups may also help some people with schizoid personality disorder.
- These symptoms must not be attributable to an autism spectrum disorder or to schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder.
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- These disorders are distinct from hypochondriasis and other somatic symptom and related disorders in that those with the latter do not intentionally produce their somatic symptoms (i.e., symptoms related to the body).
- Münchausen syndrome, a severe form of factitious disorder, was the first to be identified and was for a period used as the umbrella term for all such disorders.
- Factitious disorders should be distinguished from somatoform disorders, in which the patient is truly experiencing the symptoms and has no intention to deceive.
- In addition, the symptoms must not be attributed to another mental disorder (such as a psychotic disorder).
- If an underlying mood or personality disorder is detected, that disorder should be treated with the appropriate psychotherapy and/or medication.
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- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment method sometimes used for psychiatric disorders that do not respond to other forms of treatment.
- It is currently used in the treatment of major depressive disorder, mania, schizophrenia, and catatonia.
- It has different levels of efficacy depending on the disorder it is called on to treat.
- A meta-analysis done on the effectiveness of ECT in unipolar and bipolar depression was conducted in 2012.
- Discuss the goals, techniques, and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy for various psychological disorders
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- Cluster C disorders include avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (which is not the same thing as obsessive-compulsive disorder).
- People with these disorders often appear to be nervous and fearful.
- There is controversy as to whether avoidant personality disorder is a distinct disorder from generalized social phobia, and it is contended by some that they are merely different conceptualizations of the same disorder, where avoidant personality disorder may represent the more severe form.
- Children and adolescents with a history of anxiety disorders and physical illnesses are more susceptible to acquiring this disorder.
- The disorder may begin in childhood or early adulthood.