binge eating disorder

Examples of binge eating disorder in the following topics:

• Eating Disorders

  • Eating disorders are mental disorders defined by abnormal eating habits, such as bingeing, purging, and/or fasting.
  • There are four types of eating disorders that are recognized in the DSM-5: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and eating disorder not otherwise specified (NOS).
  • Binge eating disorder, also referred to as "compulsive overeating," is characterized by uncontrollably eating a large amount of food in a short period of time; after a bingeing episode a person will not purge and will feel an extreme sense of guilt.
  • Previously considered a topic for further research exploration, binge eating disorder was included in the eating disorders section of the DSM-5 in 2013.
  • Eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) is an eating disorder that does not meet the DSM criteria for anorexia, bulimia, or binge eating disorder.

• Eating Disorders

  • Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is characterized by repeated, persistent episodes of binge eating in the absence of the compensatory behaviors seen in BN.
  • Binge eating is associated with emotional distress, and must occur at least twice a week for six months.
  • Binge eating has a strong association with obesity, and it has a higher prevalence among obese individuals.
  • Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) is an eating disorder that does not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, and includes binge eating disorder, night eating syndrome, and sub-threshold syndromes in which some, but not all, of the symptoms of the more formally defined eating disorders are present.
  • Differentiate between anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS), examining their causes and consequences

• Cluster B: Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic Personality Disorders

  • Cluster B disorders include antisocial personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder.
  • ASPD is considered to be a difficult personality disorder to treat.
  • Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (not including suicidal behavior), such as excessive spending, unprotected sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, and/or binge eating;
  • The hippocampus tends to be smaller in those who suffer from this disorder, as it is in people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  • Another theory suggests that histrionic personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder could have a possible relationship to one another.

• Feeding Disorders

  • Feeding disorders are a type of eating disorder that prevents the consumption of certain foods, often based on color, texture, or other factors.
  • ARFID is an eating disorder that prevents the consumption of certain foods, and it is often viewed as a phase of childhood that is generally overcome with age.
  • Previously defined as a disorder exclusive to children and adolescents, the DSM-5 broadened the disorder to include adults who limit their eating and are affected by related physiological or psychological problems, but who do not fall under the definition of another eating disorder.
  • This disturbance must not be due to unavailability of food; to observation of cultural norms; to anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or another eating disorder; to perceived flaws in one's body shape or weight; or to another medical condition or mental disorder.
  • Children with feeding disorders may refuse to eat certain foods based on color, texture, temperature, or other factors.

• Explaining Mood Disorders

  • Mood disorders are psychological disorders characterized by dysfunctional moods, including depression, bipolar, dysthymia, and cyclothymia.
  • Mood disorders (also called affective disorders) characterize a group of psychological disorders where disturbance in the person's mood is thought to be the main underlying feature.
  • When most people think of mood disorders, they typically think of depression (also called major depressive disorder and clinical depression) and bipolar disorder.
  • However, there are two milder versions of these mood disorders, respectively termed dysthymic disorder (or dysthymia) and cyclothymic disorder (or cyclothymia).
  • Major depression significantly affects a person's family and personal relationships, work or school life, sleeping and eating habits, and general health.

• Abnormal Psychology

  • Abnormal psychology seeks to study, understand, diagnose, and treat psychological disorders.
  • The names and classifications of these disorders are listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
  • If you felt extremely depressed—so much so that you lost interest in activities, had difficulty eating or sleeping, felt utterly worthless, and contemplated suicide—your feelings would be atypical, would deviate from the norm, and could signify the presence of a psychological disorder.
  • One of the more influential conceptualizations of psychological disorder was proposed by Wakefield (1992), who defined disorder as a "harmful dysfunction."
  • Major depressive disorder has the highest total prevalence among males and females.

• Depressive Disorders

  • The symptoms interfere with a person's ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy pleasurable activities.
  • Also, an individual may have a depressive disorder coexisting with a substance abuse disorder.
  • This diagnosis combines the previous disorders of chronic major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder, as there was no evidence for meaningful differences between these two conditions.
  • However, episodes of full-blown major depressive disorder can occur during persistent depressive disorder (APA, 2013).
  • The symptoms of DMDD resemble those of other childhood disorders, notably attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and bipolar disorder in children.

• Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

  • Social anxiety disorder is marked by intense fear and avoidance of social situations in which one might be negatively judged.
  • As with specific phobias, social anxiety disorder is common in the United States; a little over 12% of all Americans experience social anxiety disorder during their lifetime (Kessler et al., 2005).
  • The kinds of social situations that may cause distress include public speaking, having a conversation, meeting strangers, eating in restaurants, or using public restrooms.
  • Indeed, one study reported that 92% of a sample of adults with social anxiety disorder reported a history of severe teasing in childhood, compared to only 35% of a sample of adults with panic disorder (McCabe, Antony, Summerfeldt, Liss, & Swinson, 2003).
  • Worry and fear of social situations in which one may be negatively judged is a defining feature of social anxiety disorder.

• Other Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

  • Other obsessive-compulsive disorders include body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, and excoriation disorder.
  • Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders are a group of overlapping disorders that generally involve intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors.
  • Included in this category are body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, and excoriation disorder.
  • This preoccupation must interfere with some aspect of their social, occupation, or daily life, and the symptoms must not be better explained by an eating disorder.
  • Hoarding appears to be more common in people with psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

• Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies

  • CBT is one of the most widely researched and most effective treatments for depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and substance abuse disorders.
  • Thus, from a DBT perspective, the behaviors that are considered maladaptive in BPD, in people with eating disorders, and in sexual abuse survivors, are negatively reinforced, as they function to regulate emotions and decrease feelings of distress.
  • Pivotal to this merging was the successful development of treatments for panic disorder by David M.
  • In adults, CBT has been shown to have effectiveness and a role in the treatment plans for anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, chronic low back pain, personality disorders, psychosis, substance use disorders, and in the adjustment, depression, and anxiety associated with fibromyalgia and post-spinal-cord injuries.
  • In children and adolescents, CBT is an effective part of treatment plans for anxiety disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, depression and suicidality, eating disorders and obesity, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as tic disorders, trichotillomania, and other repetitive-behavior disorders.