value system

Examples of value system in the following topics:

• Political Values

  • Political cultures have values that are largely shared by their members; these are called political values.
  • A value system is a set of consistent values and measures.
  • This means they vary across individuals and cultures and are in many ways aligned with belief and belief systems.
  • Types of values include ethical/moral values, doctrinal/ideological (religious, political) values, social values, and aesthetic values.
  • A culture is a social system that shares a set of common values, in which such values permit social expectations and collective understandings of the good, beautiful, constructive, etc.

• From Political Values to Ideology

  • They believe that the political and economic systems that have evolved in this country are perfectly suited in principle to permit both individualism and egalitarianism.
  • The American creed also encompasses the public's high degree of respect for the American system of government and the structure of its political institutions .
  • Capitalist economic values are also a part of American values.
  • Capitalist economic systems emphasize the need for a free-enterprise system that allows for open business competition, private ownership of property, and limited government intervention in business affairs.
  • While there are various components to fundamental American political values, not all Americans agree on which exactly the most important values should be .

• Health Care Policy

  • The current active debate about health care reform in the United States concerns questions of a right to health care, access, fairness, efficiency, cost, choice, value, and quality.
  • Some have argued that the system does not deliver equivalent value for the money spent.
  • However, a system of universal health care has not been implemented nation-wide.
  • Britain's health care system is an example of this socialized system, along with the Veterans Health Administration program in America.
  • Medicare is an example of a mostly single-payer system, as is France's system.

• Winning an Election: Majority, Plurality, and Proportional Representation

  • Some scholars have recommended against the use of majority rule, at least under certain circumstances, due to an ostensible trade-off between the benefits of majority rule and other values important to a democratic society.
  • Proportional representation (PR) is a concept in voting systems used to elect an assembly or council.
  • Proportional representation is an alternative to voting systems based on single member districts or on bloc voting; these non-PR systems tend to produce disproportionate outcomes and to have a bias in favor of larger political groups.
  • PR systems tend to produce a proliferation of political parties, while single member districts encourage a two-party system.
  • The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly that is based on single-member constituencies .

• Political Parties

  • The freedom to form a political party is considered a measurement of a state's adherence to liberal democracy as a political value.
  • The type of electoral system is a major factor in determining the type of political party system.
  • Congress are examples of two-party systems.
  • Multi-party systems are systems in which more than two parties are represented and elected to public office.
  • The United States Congress is an example of a two-party system of governance.

• Forming Political Values

  • People form political values throughout their life cycle through different agents of political socialization, including family, media, and education.
  • It refers to a learning process by which norms and behavior acceptable to a well running political system are transmitted from one generation to another.
  • Family - Most important shaper of basic attitudes Teaches basic political values & loyalty to particular political party
  • Children learn political values through political socialization.
  • Explain the agents of socialization that inform the individual's political values

• Types of Elections

  • From the broad and general to the small and local, elections are designed to serve different purposes for various political voting systems.
  • In a parliamentary system, a general election is an election in which all or most members of a given political body are chosen .
  • In this system, members of parliament are also elected to the executive branch.
  • In an electoral system that roughly follows the Westminster model, a terminology has evolved with roles such as mayor or warden to describe the executive of a city, town, or region, although the actual means of elections may vary.
  • The party may require them to express their support to the party's values and pay a small contribution to the costs of the primary.

• Education Policy

  • Education policy refers to the collection of laws and rules that govern the operation of education systems.
  • Education policy refers to the collection of laws and rules that govern the operation of education systems.
  • Examples of areas subject to debate in education policy, include school size, class size, school choice, school privatization, tracking, teacher education and certification, teacher pay, teaching methods, curricular content, graduation requirements, school infrastructure investment, and the values that schools are expected to uphold and model.
  • Unlike the systems of most other countries, education in the United States is highly decentralized, and the federal government and Department of Education are not heavily involved in determining curricula or educational standards (with the recent exception of the No Child Left Behind Act).

• The Federal Tax System

  • Property taxes are imposed by most local governments and many special purpose authorities based on the fair market value of property.

• Monetary Policy

  • Contractionary policy is intended to slow inflation in hopes of avoiding the resulting distortions and deterioration of asset values.
  • When currency is under a monopoly of issuance or when there is a regulated system of issuing currency through banks which are tied to a central bank, the monetary authority has the ability to alter the money supply and therefore influence the interest rate (to achieve policy goals).
  • Even prior to the 1970's, the Bretton Woods system still ensured that most nations would form the two policies separately.
  • In general, these institutions are called central banks and usually have other responsibilities such as supervising the smooth operation of the financial system .
  • The Federal Reserve System acts as the central mechanism for federal intervention in the U.S. economy.