selective material benefits

Examples of selective material benefits in the following topics:

• Motivations Behind the Formation of Interest Groups

  • Members comprising interest groups join for solidarity, material, or purposive incentives.
  • Selective material benefits are benefits that are usually given in monetary benefits.
  • For instance, if an interest group gives a material benefit to their member, they could give them travel discounts, free meals at certain restaurants, or free subscriptions to magazines, newspapers, or journals.
  • A selective solidary benefit is another type of benefit offered to members or prospective members of an interest group.
  • Identify the benefits and incentives for individuals to join interest groups

• The Characteristics of Members

  • The general theory is that individuals must be enticed with some type of benefit to join an interest group.
  • Selective material benefits are benefits that are usually given in monetary benefits.
  • For instance, if an interest group gives a material benefit to their member, they could give them travel discounts, free meals at certain restaurants, or free subscriptions to magazines, newspapers, or journals.
  • Many trade and professional interest groups tend to give these types of benefits to their members.
  • A selective solidary benefit is another type of benefit offered to members or prospective members of an interest group.

• Members

  • Selective material benefits are sometimes given in order to address the free rider problem.
  • Interest groups give material benefits like travel discounts, free meals at certain restaurants, or free subscriptions to magazines, newspapers, or journals.
  • Many trade and professional interest groups give these benefits to members.
  • A selective solidary benefit is another type of benefit offered to members of an interest group.
  • An expressive incentive can be another basic benefit to members of an interest group.

• Income Security Policy and Policy Making

  • Means-tested benefits.
  • Non-contributory benefits.
  • Discretionary benefits.
  • Universal or categorical benefits, also known as demogrants.
  • "A compulsory government program avoids the adverse selection problem.

• Humanitarian Efforts

  • Humanitarian aid is material or logistical assistance in response to crises including natural and man-made disasters.
  • Humanitarian aid is material or logistical assistance in response to crises including natural and man-made disasters.
  • The People in Aid initiative, for example, links seven areas that would improve the operations of aid organizations - health, safety and security learning; training and development; recruitment and selection; consultation and communication; support management and leadership; staff policies and practices; and human resources strategy.

• Public Interest Groups

  • These groups work to gain or retain benefits for their members, or to make general changes for the public good.
  • For example, public interest groups work on issues that impact the general public, rather than a select group of members.
  • Because the benefits brought about by public interest groups benefit a large group of individuals, there is less direct incentive for people to become involved in an organization's work since they will still gain from the work even if they remain inactive.

• The Oversight Function

  • These include authorization, appropriations, investigative, and legislative hearings by standing committees; specialized investigations by select committees; and reviews and studies by congressional support agencies and staff.
  • The government's charter does not explicitly grant Congress the authority to conduct inquiries or investigations of the executive, to have access to records or materials held by the executive, or to issue subpoenas for documents or testimony from the executive.
  • For instance, in 1927 the High Court found that in investigating the administration of the Justice Department, Congress was considering a subject "on which legislation could be had or would be materially aided by the information which the investigation was calculated to elicit. "
  • Some of the most publicized are the comparatively rare investigations by select committees into major scandals or executive branch operations gone awry.
  • Examples are temporary select committee inquiries into: China's acquisition of U.S. nuclear weapons information, in 1999; the Iran-Contra affair, in 1987; intelligence agency abuses, in 1975-1976, and "Watergate," in 1973-1974.

• Federal Grants and National Efforts to Influence the States

  • A grant is not used to acquire property or services for the federal government's direct benefit.
  • When the government is procuring goods or services for its own direct benefit, and not for a broader public purpose, the law requires use of a federal contract.
  • For project grants, states compete for funding; the federal government selects specific projects based on merit.

• Winning an Election: Majority, Plurality, and Proportional Representation

  • Majority rule is a decision rule that selects the option which has a majority, that is, more than half the votes.
  • Some scholars have recommended against the use of majority rule, at least under certain circumstances, due to an ostensible trade-off between the benefits of majority rule and other values important to a democratic society.

• Allocating Scarce Natural Resources

  • This function can only become more important as population increases while raw materials—at best—remain constant.
  • Government-as-trustee II, acting for the public, could lease selected portions of these resources to the highest bidder, and the net receipts disbursed in equal amounts to all members of the public in the form of a social dividend.