Examples of public good in the following topics:
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- Public interest groups advocate for what they consider to be the public good.
- These groups work to gain or retain benefits for their members, or to make general changes for the public good.
- One of the challenges, or criticisms, of public interest groups is the difficulty in defining a single idea of the public good in a society that values pluralism, such as the United States.
- Because of this difficulty, even when there is consensus around the good of a broad topic, the work of a single public interest group might still be controversial.
- An example is in education where most agree that education is a public good, but there are strong disagreements over how to achieve that, or over what sort of education would be best.
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- A public service may sometimes have the characteristics of a public good.
- In economics, a public good is a good that is both non-excludable in that individuals cannot be effectively excluded from use and where use by one individual does not reduce availability to others.
- Examples of public goods include fresh air, knowledge, lighthouses, national defense, flood control systems, and street lighting.
- However, most public services are merit goods, which are services that may be under provided by the market.
- Buses are an example of a public good delivered by local governments in the United States.
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- Studies show that private market factors can more efficiently deliver many goods or service than governments due to free market competition.
- Opponents of certain privatizations believe that certain public goods and services should remain primarily in the hands of government in order to ensure that everyone in society has access to them.
- There is a positive externality when the government provides society at large with public goods and services such as defense and disease control.
- These governments' direct provision of security, stability and safety is intended to be done for the common good with a long-term perspective.
- Likewise, private goods and services should remain in the hands of the private sector.
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- These groups work to gain or retain benefits for their members, or to make general changes for the public good.
- Consumer Interest Groups can be considered public-interest groups since their work benefits consumers rather than providing exclusive economic benefits to a closed set of members.
- They employ a variety of strategies-- from lobbying to public campaigns.
- Two examples of consumer groups concerned with a broad range of consumer goods are the Better Business Bureau (BBB) and the Consumer Union, who publishes the Consumer Reports.
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- The welfare system in the United States was created on the grounds that the market cannot provide goods and services universally.
- In 2002, total U.S. social welfare expenditure constitutes roughly 35% of GDP, with purely public expenditure constituting 21%, publicly supported but privately provided welfare services constituting 10% of GDP and purely private services constituting 4% of GDP.
- Income redistribution, through programs such as the Earned income tax credit (EITC), has been defended on the grounds that the market cannot provide goods and services universally, while interventions going beyond transfers are justified by the presence of imperfect information, imperfect competition, incomplete markets, externalities, and the presence of public goods.
- In 2002, total U.S. social welfare expenditure constitutes roughly 35% of GDP, with purely public expenditure constituting 21%, publicly supported but privately provided welfare services constituting 10% of GDP and purely private services constituting 4% of GDP.
- Top left: The Tennessee Valley Authority, part of the New Deal, being signed into law in 1933.Top right: FDR (President Franklin Delano Roosevelt) was responsible for the New Deal.Bottom: A public mural from one of the artists employed by the New Deal's WPA program.
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- Article IV of the Constitution of Massachusetts provides authority for the state to make laws "as they shall judge to be for the good and welfare of this commonwealth. " The actual phrase "general welfare" appears only in Article CXVI, which permits the imposition of capital punishment for "the purpose of protecting the general welfare of the citizens. "
- The common good is a term that can refer to several different concepts.
- In the popular meaning, the common good describes a specific "good" that is shared and beneficial for all members of a given community.
- This is also how the common good is broadly defined in philosophy, ethics, and political science.
- Illustrate how the General Welfare clause of the Constitution is applied to public policy
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- Sales taxes are imposed on the retail price of many goods and some services by most states and some localities.
- Sales tax rates vary widely among jurisdictions, from 0% to 16%, and may vary within a jurisdiction based on the particular goods or services taxed.
- The United States imposes tariffs or customs duties on the import of many types of goods from many jurisdictions.
- This tax must be paid before the goods can be legally imported.
- Rates of duty vary from 0% to more than 20%, based on the particular goods and country of origin.
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- After correctly predicting the victories of Warren Harding in 1920, Calvin Coolidge in 1924, Herbert Hoover in 1929, and Franklin Roosevelt in 1932, the Literary Digest had established itself as a well-known and well-respected publication.
- When releasing information, data and official statistics should be relevant to the needs of users as well as both public and private sector decision makers.
- Finally, when social scientists speak of "good research," the focus is on how the research is done–whether the research is methodologically sound–rather than on whether the results of the research are consistent with personal biases or preconceptions.
- Glenn Firebaugh summarizes the principles for good research in his book Seven Rules for Social Research.
- Discuss the importance of maintaining accuracy when conducting measuring public opinion
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- Early philosophical investigations sought to understand good and evil and the concept of "the good".
- Personal Values provide an internal reference for what is good, beneficial, important, useful, beautiful, desirable, constructive, etc.
- Over time the public expression of personal values, that groups of people find important in their day-to-day lives, lay the foundations of law, custom and tradition.
- A culture is a social system that shares a set of common values, in which such values permit social expectations and collective understandings of the good, beautiful, constructive, etc.
- Norms are rules for behavior in specific situations, while values identify what should be judged as good or evil.
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- Good government, therefore, requires elimination of government-as-bandit.
- It follows that the only generally defensible involuntary associations are the public ones created by government-as-legislator.