mandate

Examples of mandate in the following topics:

• Federal Mandates

  • According to the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), an intergovernmental mandate can take various forms.
  • Mandates can be applied either vertically or horizontally.
  • Vertically applied mandates refer to mandates directed by a level of government at a single department or program.
  • Horizontally applied mandates refer to mandates that affect various departments or programs.
  • In early 1995, Congress passed unfunded mandate reform legislation.

• The 21st Amendment

  • The Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition on alcohol on January 17, 1920.

• Civil Rights of People with Disabilities

  • It mandated that local, state, and federal governments and programs be accessible to people with disabilities, that employers with more than 15 employees make "reasonable accommodations" for workers with disabilities and not discriminate against otherwise qualified workers on the basis of disability, and that public spaces such as restaurants and stores make "reasonable modifications" to ensure accessibility.
  • The act also mandated the accessibility of public transportation, communication, and other publicly provided services.

• Presidential Action

  • The president can further influence the legislative branch through constitutionally mandated, periodic reports to Congress.

• The Changing Federal Role in the Economy

  • The first two objectives are sometimes referred to as the Federal Reserve's dual mandate.

• Environmental Policy

  • This act mandates the preparation of Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Statements to try and limit the environmental damage of development.

• The Supremacy Clause

  • Treaties as "the supreme law of the land. " The text decrees these to be the highest form of law in the U.S. legal system and mandates that all state judges must follow federal law when a conflict arises between federal law and either the state constitution or state law from any state.
  • In the 1950s, a Constitutional Amendment known as the Bricker Amendment was proposed in response, which would have mandated that all American treaties shall not conflict with the manifest powers granted to the Federal Government.

• Oversight

  • The necessary and proper clause of the Constitution also allows Congress to enact laws that mandate oversight by its committees, grant relevant authority to itself and its support agencies, and impose specific obligations on the executive to report to or consult with Congress, and even seek its approval for specific actions.
  • Broad oversight mandates exist for the legislature in several significant statutes.

• The Eighth Amendment and Cruel and Unusual Punishment

  • The Court overturned a punishment called cadena temporal, which mandated "hard and painful labor," shackling for the duration of incarceration, and permanent civil disabilities.
  • The Court overturned a punishment called cadena temporal, which mandated "hard and painful labor," shackling for the duration of incarceration and permanent civil disabilities.

• Size of the Federal Bureaucracy

  • State and local government workers are subject to federal mandates.
  • The reliance on mandates and contracts have resulted in fewer civil servants directly interacting with the public as much as street-level bureaucrats.