equal time rule

Examples of equal time rule in the following topics:

• Regulation of Broadcast Media

  • Among its provisions was the equal opportunity provision, which provided a foundation for the equal time rule.
  • This provision required radio stations, television stations and cable systems, which originated their own programming, to treat legally qualified political candidates equally when it came to selling or giving away air time.
  • This provision was a result of legislators' growing concerns that, without mandated equal opportunity for candidates, some broadcasters might try to manipulate elections.
  • The Communications Act of 1934 amended the Radio Act, and the equal time provision is located in Section 315 of the Communications Act.

• Forms of Government

  • Aristocracy refers to the rule by elite citizens; a system of governance in which a person who rules in an aristocracy is an aristocrat.
  • It has come to mean rule by "the aristocracy" who are people of noble birth.
  • The Roman Republic made Dictators to lead during times of war.
  • In modern times, an Autocrat's rule is not stopped by any rules of law, constitutions, or other social and political institutions.
  • These people may spread power equally or not equally.

• From Political Values to Ideology

  • Americans believe in the rule of law which explains the idea that government is based on a body of law, agreed on by the governed, and is applied equally and justly.
  • The Constitution is the foundation for the rule of law.
  • People who value change and a greater emphasis on collective equality tend to relate to the ideology of liberalism.
  • Also in this chart, it is evident that people align with different ideologies at different points in time.
  • The inscription on the front of the United States Supreme Court building reads, "equal justice under law. " This phrase emphasizes the centrality of the rule of law in American political values.

• Separate But Equal

  • Separate but equal laws supported segregation in the south by stating that providing comparable public services did not violate equal rights.
  • In particular the principle of separate but equal established conditions of legalsegregation in many southern states.
  • The idea was that the requirement for equality under the fourteenth amendment was still met under these circumstances.
  • But the court ruled that the principle of separate but equal satisfied the requirements of the fourteenth amendment.
  • Describe the legal background for a policy of "separate but equal"

• Democracy

  • Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives.
  • Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives.
  • While there is no universally accepted definition of "democracy," equality and freedom have both been identified as important components of democracy since ancient times.
  • These principles are reflected in all citizens being equal before the law and having equal access to legislative processes.
  • By contrast, a parliamentary democracy is a representative democracy where government is appointed by, or can be dismissed by, representatives as opposed to a 'presidential rule' wherein the President is both head of state and the head of government and is elected by the voters.

• Liberalism

  • Liberalism is a broad political ideology or worldview founded on the ideas of liberty and equality.
  • Liberalism, from the Latin liberalis, is a broad political ideology or worldview founded on the ideas of liberty and equality.
  • Liberalism rejected the notions, common at the time, of hereditary privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy, and the Divine Right of Kings.
  • At that time conservatives adopted the Classic Liberal beliefs in protecting economic civil liberties.
  • These sweeping changes in political authority marked the modern transition from absolutism to constitutional rule.

• Separate But Equal

  • Separate but equal was a legal doctrine in American constitutional law that justified systems of segregation.
  • Nonetheless, the Supreme Court ruling "[required] railway companies carrying passengers in their coaches in that State to provide equal, but separate, accommodations for the white and colored races…," establishing the actual term "separate but equal" in the process.
  • After this ruling, not only was "separate but equal" applied to railroad cars, but also schools, voting rights and drinking fountains.
  • The doctrine of "separate but equal" was eventually overturned by the Linda Brown v.
  • A store catering to "whites only" under the separate but equal doctrine.

• Democratic Governments

  • Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives.
  • At the same time liberal democracies—countries Freedom House regards as free and respectful of basic human rights and the rule of law—are 85 in number and represent 38 percent of the global population.
  • Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives.
  • The term originates from the Greek word: δημοκρατία (dēmokratía), which translates to  "rule of the people".
  • At the same time, liberal democracies—countries Freedom House regards as free and respectful of basic human rights and the rule of law—are 85 in number and represent 38 percent of the global population.

• The Shifting Boundary between Federal and State Authority

  • Mulkay decision overturned Proposition 14 in 1967 in favor of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
  • Raich, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the federal government, permitting the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) to arrest medical marijuana patients and caregivers.
  • Oregon, the Supreme Court ruled that the practice of physician-assisted suicide in Oregon is legal.
  • These constitutional requirements, in short, must be extended to all citizens at all times.
  • Discrimination as supported by Proposition 14 concerned civil rights leaders that it would bring America back to the separate but equal days.

• The Growth of Bureaucracy

  • Development of communication and transportation technologies made more efficient administration possible (and popularly requested) and democratization and rationalization of culture resulted in demands that the new system treat everybody equally.
  • Bureaucracy is a complex means of managing life in social institutions that includes rules and regulations, patterns and procedures that both are designed to simplify the functioning of complex organizations.
  • Included in that form, however, are countless rules and laws the dictate what can and can't be tied into one's taxes.
  • Thus, bureaucracy simplifies the process of paying one's taxes by putting the process into a formulaic structure, but simultaneously complicates it by adding rules and regulations that govern the procedure.
  • Weber did believe bureaucracy was the most rational form of institutional governance, but because Weber viewed rationalization as the driving force of society, he believed bureaucracy would increase until it ruled society.