desegregation

Examples of desegregation in the following topics:

• The Supremacy Clause

  • Aaron (1958), the Supreme Court rejected attempts by the state of Arkansas to nullify the Court's school desegregation decision, Brown v.
  • The state of Arkansas had adopted several statutes designed to nullify the desegregation ruling.

• Continuing Challenges in Race Relations in the U.S.

  • By 1971, however, tensions over desegregation surfaced in Northern cities, with angry protests over the busing of children to schools outside their neighborhood to achieve racial balance.
  • In addition to desegregating public schools, Nixon implemented the Philadelphia Plan in 1970—the first significant federal affirmative action program.

• Jim Crow and the Civil Rights Movement

  • Key events in the Civil Rights Movement included: the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956), which began when Rosa Parks, a NAACP secretary, was arrested when she refused to cede her public bus seat to a white passenger; the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School (1957); the Selma to Montgomery marches, also known as Bloody Sunday and the two marches that followed, were marches and protests held in 1965 that marked the political and emotional peak of the American civil rights movement which sought to secure voting rights for African-Americans.

• The Supreme Court as Policy Makers

  • Some state governments in the south also resisted the desegregation of public schools after the 1954 judgment Brown v.

• The Diversity Debate

  • Affirmative action programs in higher education are, of course, different from the desegregation programs of the mid-twentieth century.

• Education Policy

  • Board of Education made the desegregation of elementary and high schools a national priority, while the Pell Grant program helped poor minorities gain access to college.