ventricle

Examples of ventricle in the following topics:

• Ventricles

  • The cavities of the cerebral hemispheres are called lateral ventricles or first and second ventricles.
  • These two ventricles open into the third ventricle by a common opening called the foramen of Monro.
  • CSF flows from the lateral ventricles via the foramina of Monro into the third ventricle, and then into the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct in the brainstem.
  • The fourth ventricle narrows at the obex, where the fourth ventricle narrows to become the central canal in the caudal medulla.
  • Lateral and anterior views of the brain ventricles, including the third and fourth ventricle, lateral ventricles, interventricular foramen, cerebral aqueduct, and central canal.

• Operation of Semilunar Valves

  • The semilunar valves are located at the connection between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle, and the aorta and the left ventricle.
  • When the atrioventricular valves are open, the semi lunar valves are shut and blood is forced into the ventricles.
  • The aortic valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta and has three cusps .
  • During ventricular systole, pressure rises in the left ventricle.
  • When the pressure in the left ventricle exceeds the pressure in the aorta, the aortic valve opens, and blood flows from the left ventricle into the aorta.

• Chambers of the Heart

  • The atria and ventricles are separated by the mitral and tricuspid valves.
  • During atrial systole, blood not only empties from the atria to the ventricles, but continues to flow uninterrupted from the veins right through the atria into the ventricles.
  • The physiologic load on the ventricles, which pump blood throughout the body and lungs, is much greater than the pressure generated by the atria to fill the ventricles.
  • During ventricular diastole, the ventricles relax and fill with blood.
  • The two larger chambers are the ventricles.

• Operation of Atrioventricular Valves

  • The atrioventricular valves separate the atria from the ventricles and prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole.
  • The atrioventricular (AV) valves separate the atria from the ventricles on each side of the heart and prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria during systole.
  • Valve prolapse means that the valves do not close properly, which may cause regurgitation or backflow of blood from the ventricle back into the atria, which is inefficient.
  • Papillary muscles are finger-like projections from the wall of the ventricle that anchor the chordae tendineae.
  • The mitral valve is on the left side of the heart and allows the blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle.

• Blood Flow in the Heart

  • The heart contains four chambers, two atria and two ventricles.
  • The blood that is returned to the right atrium is deoxygenated and s passed into the right ventricle to be pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for reoxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide.
  • The left atrium receives newly oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins, which is passed into the strong left ventricle to be pumped through the aorta to the different organs of the body.
  • Deoxygenated blood is received from the systemic circulation into the right atrium, it is pumped into the right ventricle and then through the pulmonary artery into the lungs.
  • Through association with the alveoli the blood is oxygenated in the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins, before passing into the left ventricle and being pumped around the body.

• Fibrous Skeleton of the Heart

  • The cardiac skeleton, also known the heart's fibrous skeleton, consists of dense connective tissue in the heart that separates the atria from the ventricles.
  • The cardiac skeleton, or fibrous skeleton of the heart, is the structure of dense connective tissue that separates the atria from the ventricles.
  • This ring is the thickest and strongest of all the fibrous rings due to the thickness of the left ventricle, which requires more structural support than the other chambers of the heart.
  • It stops the flow of electricity between the different chambers of the heart so that electrical impulses do not flow directly between the atria and ventricles.
  • Without the fibrous skeleton of the heart, the heart's ability to pump blood would be considerably less efficient since the ventricles would contract before filled to capacity.

• Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

  • The blood is then pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
  • From the right ventricle, blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary artery.
  • Once entering the left heart, the blood flows through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle.
  • The blood is then pumped through the mitral valve into the left ventricle.
  • From the left ventricle, blood is pumped through the aortic valve and into the aorta, the body's largest artery.

• Circumventricular Organs

  • Circumventricular organs are situated adjacent to the brain ventricles and sense concentrations of various compounds in the blood.
  • $$View of the third and fourth ventricles.
  • The CVOs border these ventricles.

• Development of the Central Nervous System

  • The telencephalon differentiates into, among other things, the striatum, the hippocampus, and the neocortex, and its cavity becomes the first and second ventricles.
  • Diencephalon elaborations include the subthalamus, hypothalamus, thalamus, and epithalamus, and its cavity forms the third ventricle.
  • The metencephalon becomes, among other things, the pons and the cerebellum; the myelencephalon forms the medulla oblongata; and their cavities develop into the fourth ventricle.

• Anatomy of the Heart

  • Each side contains an atria which receives blood into the heart and flows it into a ventricle, which pumps the blood out of the heart.
  • The atria and ventricle on each side of the heart are linked together by valves that prevent backflow of blood.
  • The pulmonary vein and aorta also have valves connecting them to their respective ventricle.
  • Note the difference in the thickness of the muscled walls of the atrium and the left and right ventricle.