survival

(noun)

The fact or act of surviving; continued existence or life.

Examples of survival in the following topics:

  • Survival Needs

    • The are eight minimal physiological requirements for survival.
    • Air: Consisting of oxygen within a particular range of pressure, concentration, and purity is vital to survival.
    • Water: Access to a safe, clean and adequate water supply is necessary for human survival.
    • Sanitation: Proper means for the removal of human waste helps protect from deadly toxins and pathogens and is critical in promoting human survival.
    • Sleep: Seven to eight hours of uninterrupted sleep each night is optimal for human survival .

  • Breast Cancer

    • To promote the likelihood of long-term disease-free survival, several chemotherapy regimens are commonly given in addition to surgery.
    • It substantially improves local relapse rates and often, overall survival.
    • Prognosis and survival rates vary greatly depending on cancer type, staging and treatment, and geographical location of the patient.
    • Survival rates in the Western World are very good.
    • In the developing countries, however, survival rates are much poorer.

  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

    • The median survival time from onset to death is around 39 months, and only 4% survive longer than 10 years.
    • Riluzole (Rilutek) as of 2011 is the only treatment that has been found to improve survival, but only to a modest extent.
    • It lengthens survival by several months, and may have a greater survival benefit for those with a bulbar onset.

  • Development of the Respiratory System

    • Respiration is not possible during this phase and fetuses born during this period are unable to survive.
    • Respiration is possible towards the end of this period, but few fetuses born during this time will survive.
    • Evaluate the ability of a fetus to survive birth based on the development of the respiratory system

  • Life Functions

    • To live in most ecosystems, organisms must be able to survive the range of conditions found in that ecosystem, called the "range of tolerance. " Outside that are the "zones of physiological stress," where the survival and reproduction are possible but not optimal.
    • Many microorganisms have evolved adaptations that allow them to survive in zones that are intolerant for most other organisms, such as extreme heat or cold, dehydration, starvation, or high-levels of radiation.

  • Microbial Evasion of Phagocytosis

    • Pathogenic bacteria and protozoa have developed a variety of methods to resist attacks by phagocytes (phagocytosis), and many actually survive and replicate within phagocytic cells.
    • Bacteria have developed ways to survive inside phagocytes, where they continue to evade the immune system.
    • Some survival strategies often involve disrupting cytokines and other methods of cell signaling to prevent the phagocyte's responding to invasion.

  • Functions of Blood

    • Tissues cannot survive very long without these two molecules.
    • Of all the tissues in the body, the brain can survive the shortest amount of time without oxygen and glucose (approximately two minutes before brain death occurs).
    • Most tissues in the body can survive in a hypoxic or ischemic state for a few to several hours before infarction sets in.
    • Of all the tissues in the body, the brain can survive the shortest amount of time without oxygen and glucose (approximately three or four minutes before brain death occurs).

  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

    • A 1996 study published in the New England Journal of Medicine showed that CPR success rates in television shows were 75% for immediate circulation, and 67% survival to discharge.
    • When educated on the actual survival rates, the proportion of patients over 60 years of age desiring CPR should they suffer a cardiac arrest drops from 41% to 22%.

  • Brain Tumors

    • Various types of treatment are available depending on neoplasm type and location, and they may be combined to give the best chances of survival:
    • Survival rates in primary brain tumors depend on the type of tumor, age, functional status of the patient, the extent of surgical tumor removal, and other factors specific to each case.

  • Pancreatic Cancer

    • It often has a poor prognosis: for all stages combined, the one- and five-year relative survival rates are 25 percent and six percent, respectively.
    • After surgery, chemotherapy has been shown to significantly increase the five-year survival rate, from approximately 10 to 20 percent.
    • In patients not suitable for resection with curative intent, palliative chemotherapy may be used to improve quality of life and gain a modest survival benefit.