Examples of pressure in the following topics:
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- Measurement of blood pressure includes systolic pressure during cardiac contraction and diastolic pressure during cardiac relaxation.
- Blood pressure is the pressure blood exerts on the arterial walls.
- These pressures, called segmental blood pressures, are used to evaluate blockage or arterial occlusion in a limb (for example, the ankle brachial pressure index).The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure is called the pulse pressure.
- A blood pressure cuff and associated monitor used for determining systolic and diastolic pressures within an artery.
- Explain how blood pressure is measured and the ranges of blood pressure readings
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- Blood pressure is a vital sign reflecting the pressure exerted on blood vessels when blood is forced out of the heart during contraction.
- Blood pressure is the pressure that blood exerts on the wall of the blood vessels.
- Systolic pressure is thus the pressure that your heart emits when blood is forced out of the heart and diastolic pressure is the pressure exerted when the heart is relaxed.
- During each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between a maximum (systolic) and a minimum (diastolic) pressure.
- A normal blood pressure should be around 120/80, with the systolic pressure expressed first.
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- The measurement of blood pressure without further specification usually refers to systemic arterial pressure measured at the upper arm.
- The measurement of blood pressure without further specification usually refers to the systemic arterial pressure, defined as the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels.
- Pressure is typically measured with a blood pressure cuff (sphygmomanometer) wrapped around a person's upper arm, which measures the pressure in the brachial artery.
- A person's blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure over diastolic pressure and is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), for example 140/90.
- In the past, most attention was paid to diastolic pressure, but now we know that both high systolic pressure and high pulse pressure (the numerical difference between systolic and diastolic pressures) are also risk factors for disease.
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- Chronically elevated blood pressure is called hypertension, while chronically low blood pressure is called hypotension.
- Hypertension or high blood pressure, sometimes called arterial hypertension, is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated above 140/90 mmHg.
- Even moderate elevation of arterial blood pressure is associated with a shortened life expectancy.
- However, blood pressure is considered too low only if noticeable symptoms are present.
- Graph showing changes in blood pressure during a single contraction-relaxation cycle of the heart.
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- Pressure ulcers, or bedsores, are lesions cause by unrelieved pressure that blocks blood flow to the skin, causing severe illness or death.
- Pressure ulcers, also known as decubitus ulcers or bedsores, are lesions caused by pressure on soft tissues overlying a bony prominence which reduces or completely obstructs the blood flow to the superficial tissues.
- The most important care for a patient with bedsores is the relief of pressure.
- For individuals with paralysis, pressure shifting on a regular basis and using a cushion featuring pressure relief components can help prevent pressure wounds.
- A pressure ulcer displaying exposed bone and possible bone infection (yellow box).
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- Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures of the individual components.
- Dalton's law states that the total pressure exerted by the mixture of inert (non-reactive) gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of individual gases in a volume of air.
- Mathematically, the pressure of a mixture of gases can be defined as the sum of the partial pressures of each of the gasses in air.
- Because gasses flow from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, atmospheric air has higher partial pressure of oxygen than alveolar air (PO2=159mmHg compared to PAO2=100 mmHg).
- Infer from Dalton's law of partial pressure the sum of partial pressures in alveoli
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- Oncotic or colloid osmotic pressure is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in the blood plasma or interstitial fluid.
- Hydrostatic pressure is the force generated by the pressure of fluid within or outside of capillary on the capillary wall.
- Movement from the bloodstream into the interstitium is favored by blood hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid oncotic pressure.
- Due to the pressure of the blood in the capillaries, blood hydrostatic pressure is greater than interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure, promoting a net flow of fluid from the blood vessels into the interstitium.
- Describe hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure, the factors of capillary dynamics
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- Venous pressure is the vascular pressure in a vein or the atria of the heart, and is much lower than arterial pressure.
- Blood pressure generally refers to the arterial pressure in the systemic circulation.
- Venous pressure is the vascular pressure in a vein or the atria of the heart.
- Jugular venous pressure (JVP), the indirectly observed pressure over the venous system.
- Portal venous pressure or the blood pressure in the portal vein.
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- Arteries are high-pressure blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to all other tissues and organs.
- Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart under pressure.
- In arteries, the tunica media, which contains smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue, is thicker than that of veins so it can modulate vessel caliber and thus control and maintain blood pressure.
- Arterial pressure varies between the peak pressure during heart contraction, called the systolic pressure, and the minimum or diastolic pressure between contractions, when the heart expands and refills.
- This pressure variation within the artery produces the observable pulse that reflects heart activity.
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- The glomerular filtration rate is directly proportional to the pressure gradient in the glomerulus, so changes in pressure will change GFR.
- The Starling equation for GFR is GFR=Filtration Constant X (Hydrostatic Glomerulus Pressure-Hydrostatic Bowman's Capsule Pressure)-(Osmotic Glomerulus Pressure+Osmotic Bowman's Capsule Pressure).
- GFR is most sensitive to hydrostatic pressure changes within the glomerulus.
- Increased Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure will decrease GFR, while decreased Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure will increase GFR.
- GFR is one of the many ways in which homeostasis of blood volume and blood pressure may occur.