oblique layer

Examples of oblique layer in the following topics:

• Muscularis

  • Each layer has different structures and functions.
  • The muscularis externa consists of an inner circular layer and a longitudinal outer muscular layer.
  • Within the muscularis externa, the circular muscle layer prevents food from traveling backward, while the longitudinal layer shortens the tract.
  • The layers are not truly longitudinal or circular, rather the layers of muscle are helical with different pitches.
  • This is the inner oblique layer, and helps churn the chyme in the stomach.

• Microscopic Anatomy of the Stomach

  • Like the other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, the stomach walls are made of a number of layers.
  • From the inside to the outside, the first main layer is the mucosa.
  • Under these muscle layers is the adventitia, layers of connective tissue continuous with the omenta.
  • The muscularis externa is made up of three layers of smooth muscle.
  • The innermost layer is obliquely-oriented: this is not seen in other parts of the digestive system.

• Anterior Muscles

  • They are continuous with the external oblique muscle of the abdomen.
  • External Oblique – The external oblique is the largest and most superficial of the flat muscles.
  • Internal Oblique – Lying deep to the external oblique, the internal oblique is smaller and thinner.
  • Its fibers run perpendicular to the external oblique, improving the strength of the abdominal wall.
  • Highlighted in orange, the external obliques lie inferior to the pectoral muscles

• Trochlear (IV) Nerve

  • The trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV) is a motor nerve that innervates a single muscle: the superior oblique muscle of the eye.
  • The trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV) is a motor nerve that innervates a single muscle: the superior oblique muscle of the eye.

• Mucosa

  • It is the absorptive and secretory layer of the GI tract.
  • The GI tract is composed of four layers.
  • Each layer has different tissues and functions.
  • The mucosa is the innermost layer, and functions in absorption and secretion.
  • The most variation is seen in the epithelium tissue layer of the mucosa.

• Serosa

  • Serosa consists of a secretory epithelial layer and a thin connective tissue layer that reduce the friction from muscle movements.
  • In anatomy, the serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth membrane that consists of a thin connective tissue layer and a thin layer of cells that secrete serous fluid.
  • Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath.
  • The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (simple squamous epithelium) that produce the lubricating serous fluid.
  • The layer in contact with the organ is known as the visceral layer, while the parietal layer is in contact with the body wall.

• Muscles of the Shoulder

  • They can be further subdivided into superficial and deep layers.
  • Attachments – The clavicular region originates from the clavicle and the sternocostal region originates from the sternum and the fascia of the oblique muscles of the abdomen.

• Lobes, Fissures, and Lobules

  • It extends from the apex of the lung down to the horizontal and oblique fissures.
  • The middle lobe is the smallest lobe of the right lung, located between the horizontal and oblique fissures.
  • It lies beneath the oblique fissure.
  • The human left lung is smaller and narrower that the right lung, and is divided into two lobes, an upper and a lower, by the oblique fissure.
  • It is above the oblique fissure.

• Episiotomy

  • Therefore, the oblique technique is often applied.
  • In the oblique technique, the perineal body is avoided, cutting only the vagina epithelium, skin and muscles (transversalius and bulbospongiosus).
  • This technique bifurcates the perineal body, which is essential for the integrity of the pelvic floor. 2)The oblique technique, the perineal body is avoided, cutting only the vagina epithelium, skin and muscles

• What is Skin?

  • Our skin is made of three general layers.
  • The epidermis is a thin layer of skin. 
  • It is the most superficial layer of skin, the layer you see with your eyes when you look at the skin anywhere on your body. 
  • This layer helps to repel water.
  • The deepest layer of the skin is called the subcutaneous layer, the subcutis, or the hypodermis.