neural groove

Examples of neural groove in the following topics:

• Neurulation

  • Neurulation is the formation of the neural tube from the ectoderm of the embryo.
  • The neural plate folds outwards to form the neural groove.
  • Beginning in the future neck region, the neural folds of this groove close to create the neural tube (this form of neurulation is called primary neurulation).
  • The hollow interior is called the neural canal.
  • Transverse sections that show the progression of the neural plate to the neural groove from bottom to top.

• Embryonic Development

  • The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system.
  • The edges of the neural plate start to thicken and lift upward, forming the neural folds.
  • The center of the neural plate remains grounded allowing a U-shaped neural groove to form.
  • This neural groove sets the boundary between the right and left sides of the embryo.
  • The neural folds pinch in towards the midline of the embryo and fuse together to form the neural tube.

• Development of the Peripheral Nervous System

  • The peripheral nervous system develops from two strips of tissue called the neural crest, running lengthwise above the neural tube.
  • As development proceeds, a fold called the neural groove appears along the midline.
  • The sequence of stages from neural plate to neural tube and neural crest is known as neurulation .
  • After gastrulation, neural crest cells are specified at the border of the neural plate and the non-neural ectoderm.
  • During neurulation, the borders of the neural plate, also known as the neural folds, converge at the dorsal midline to form the neural tube.

• Development of the Central Nervous System

  • The CNS originally develops from a longitudinal groove on the neural plate that forms the rudimentary nervous system.
  • During early development of the vertebrate embryo, a longitudinal groove on the neural plate gradually deepens and the ridges on either side of it (the neural folds) become elevated and ultimately meet, transforming the groove into a closed tube, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system.
  • Development of the neural tube in human embryos (Prentiss-Arey).

• Embryonic Development of the Brain

  • Neural activity and sensory experience will mediate formation of new synapses, as well as synaptic plasticity, which will be responsible for refinement of the nascent neural circuits.
  • Neurulation is the formation of the neural tube from the ectoderm of the embryo.
  • The neural plate folds outwards to form the neural groove.
  • Beginning in the future neck region, the neural folds of this groove close to create the neural tube (this form of neurulation is called primary neurulation).
  • The hollow interior is called the neural canal.

• Development of Nervous Tissue

  • Embryonic neural development includes the birth and differentiation of neurons from stem cell precursors.
  • As development proceeds, a fold called the neural groove appears along the midline.
  • At this point the future CNS appears as a cylindrical structure called the neural tube, whereas the future PNS appears as two strips of tissue called the neural crest, running lengthwise above the neural tube.
  • The sequence of stages from neural plate to neural tube and neural crest is known as neurulation.
  • Induction of neural tissues causes formation of neural precursor cells, called neuroblasts.

• Development of Vision

  • The eye develops from the neural tube, the epidermis, and the periocular mesenchyme, which receives contributions from both the neural crest and mesoderm lineages.
  • Neural tube: First, there is an outpocketing of the neural tube called optic vesicles .
  • Development of the optic vesicles starts in the three week embryo from a progressively deepening groove in the neural plate called the optic sulcus.
  • The optic cup then delaminates into two layers: the neural retina and the retinal pigment epithelium.
  • The eyes make their appearance before the closure of the anterior end of the neural tube.

• Fourth Week of Development

  • The fourth week of gestation is characterized by the flexion of the superior portion of the neural tube to create the mesencephalon.
  • Late in the fourth week of gestation, the superior part of the neural tube flexes at the level of the future midbrain, the mesencephalon.
  • It is located between the stomodeum and the first pharyngeal groove.

• Spinal Cord Grey Matter and Spinal Roots

  • The cord has grooves in the dorsal and ventral sides.
  • The posterior median sulcus is the groove in the dorsal side, and the anterior median fissure is the groove in the ventral side.
  • The dorsal root ganglia develops in the embryo from neural crest cells, not the neural tube.

• Modulation of Movement by the Cerebellum

  • This feedforward mode of operation means that the cerebellum cannot generate self-sustaining patterns of neural activity, in contrast to the cerebral cortex.
  • The surface of the cerebellum is covered with finely spaced parallel grooves, in striking contrast to the broad irregular convolutions of the cerebral cortex.
  • These parallel grooves conceal the fact that the cerebellum is actually a continuous thin layer of tissue (the cerebellar cortex), tightly folded in the style of an accordion.
  • This complex neural network gives rise to a massive signal-processing capability, but almost all of its output is directed to a set of small deep cerebellar nuclei lying in the interior of the cerebellum.
  • This means that the cerebellum, in contrast to the cerebral cortex, cannot generate self-sustaining patterns of neural activity.